My Preconception Of Leadership Is Not As Valued As It...

My preconception of leadership was not as valued as it should have been. Since coming to High Sierra, I have been challenged in such a positive way where I have found so much value in what it means to be a leader with working with a team but in the general areas of live as well. Reflecting back on my life when I was placed a leader in pass events, three very specific values became aware to me. Courage, integrity, and service are the three core values I found to have encompass the type of leadership that has been instilled within me; because of prior exposure to leader-like role models in my life. I feel as if my values have an overall theme that is directly parallel with my self-being as well as beneficial factors to how I aim in shaping†¦show more content†¦Whether my position is at leader or follower, to have courage can benefit others and myself by being able act courageously in a situation calling for such action. I think when one defines and studies the term courage; th ey will see all the positive aspects that come along with it. The importance I find in courage is when the situation calls for such a person, being able top perform appropriately in order to potentially save lives; I find no greater meaning. I could recall a couple of memories where I had to find the courageous part of me in order to perform exceptionally in both the follower and leadership position, As a follower, I was part of a mixed martial art academy and it was only about the beginning of my second month. I proved to exceed at a rapid rate and during this one day, the professional fighters and coaches had their eyes on me from the start of practice to the end and might is say that it was extremely difficult to perform above experienced fighters. Throughout that day and the week, I had to find whatever courage I could gather in order to perform above others yet at the same time have the mentality to be aware of others; so that they would see me as a leader in how to overcome weakness. Courage takes different forms, from being expressed as a follower or by a leader, such as being listed in Outdoor Leadership, admitting and learning from mistakes (Graham, 1997). Reminiscing on past events and seeing

Drug Addiction And Its Effect On The Reward Circuit

In this essay the dependency one acquires, as a result of the stimulation of the reward circuit is examined. Specifically, the association of drug addiction, as a result of stimulants, in response to increased levels of dopamine. I will begin by examining what defines an addiction, and what factors influence an individual to become drug dependent, as a result of abuse. I will be focusing on the reinforcing properties of the drug as well as, physical dependence, psychological dependence, social factors, drug availability and furthermore, the vulnerability of the individual. Once an understanding of the contributing factors that result in substance abuse is developed, I will then examine its impact on the reward circuit. In other words, develop an understanding of the pathway itself and its evolvement with the neurobiological substrates. With this knowledge, the implications that certain drugs have on the concentrations of dopamine can be drawn. Finally, I will draw a conclusion from t he information gathered to answer the question of how certain stimulants interfere with the reward circuit leading to addiction, as a result of a reduction in dopaminergic function. Addiction and the Factors that Influence it Addiction is defined as a compulsive act of drug seeking and use that stems from the six foundational elements, despite the consequences associated with it. As a result of addiction, individuals begin to abuse drugs. Drug abuse is the involvement of said drugs thatShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Neuro Behavioral Approach1048 Words   |  5 PagesDrug addiction: Neuro-Behavioral Approach ChanMee Bae University of Washington, Seattle PSYCH 448F Autumn2015 Abstract In this paper, I am going to summarize how chronic drug use affects the function of the brain and how this leads to the aberrant behavioral manifestations of addiction. (Volkow Li, 2005) A view of drug addiction has been changed from the ‘choices’ of the addicted individuals to the dysfunction of brain. The drug addiction may be regarded as the disease of the brain reward systemRead MoreChapter 5 : Gambling And Other Modern Compulsions722 Words   |  3 Pagesof gambling and video game addicts can stop their addictions in a year without the need for treatment which is uncommon in the case of drug addiction (para. 5). He stated that gambling and video game addiction activates the pleasure circuit much like other drugs and orgasm (para. 6) Linden (2011) mentioned a study done in the University of Cambridge where they learned that the concept of association is possible in activating the pleasure circuit (para. 20). They studied monkeys who were given syrupRead MoreAddiction as a Disease: Addiction is a term that has traditionally been used to refer to1400 Words   |  6 PagesAddiction as a Disease: Addiction is a term that has traditionally been used to refer to psychiatric syndrome that is caused by illicit drug use. Actually, addition is the only psychiatric condition whose symptoms are regarded as an illegal activity. In most cases, this term is described on the basis of drug use, which is the main focus of many research and treatment programs. Generally, drug addiction has significant negative effects on individuals using the drug and those around them such asRead MoreHow The Brain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals And Treatment1468 Words   |  6 PagesHow the Brain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals and Treatment One of the most addictive substances in the modern society that is increasingly abused is cocaine, which is a drug that generates several problems in the society and today’s health care programs. As a result of the increased use of this drug, users sometime develop cocaine addiction or dependence, which is a condition characterized by an overwhelming psychological desire to use the drug regularly. Despite its associated psychologicalRead MoreUse And Prescribing Methods Of Opioids1158 Words   |  5 Pagesprescribing methods of opioids. The positive effects of opioids as well as the negative effects are taken into account. In one study, conducted by Furlan, Sandoval, Mailis-Gagnon, and Tunks (2006), opioids were effective in the treatment of CNCP overall. However according to David N. Juurlink (2012), more recent and more rigorous studies suggest that opioid use disorders occur in up to one-third of patients on chronic opioid therapy. So abuse and addiction are likely t o occur in people taking opioidsRead MoreDrug Addiction Essay822 Words   |  4 Pageswhy or how other people become addicted to drugs. They may mistakenly think that those who use drugs lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop their drug use simply by choosing to. In reality, drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting usually takes more than good intentions or a strong will. Drugs change the brain in ways that make quitting hard, even for those who want to. Fortunately, researchers know more than ever about how drugs affect the brain and have found treatmentsRead MoreAddiction : Lack Of Will Power Or Brain Disease?1186 Words   |  5 Pages Addiction: Lack of Will Power or Brain Disease? Demonika M. Martin PS101 Introduction to Psychology Park University . I. Introduction Addiction is a disease that continues to fester and destroy individual’s lives. Once an individual is under the influence of drugs they no longer have control over their actions. Drug user’s brains are hijacked and taken on an explosive ride that begins with pleasure and ends in the damage of their brain. â€Å"Drug use is on the rise in this country andRead MoreThe Problems of Drug Addiction954 Words   |  4 PagesDrug addiction A reasonable number of people do not understand why other people get addicted to drugs. Some even associate drug abuse and addiction with lack of moral principles or willpower. People subscribing to this school of thought believe that drug addicts can stop using drugs by simply changing their behavior. They fail to realize that drug addiction is a complex disease whose eradication calls for many things other than changing habits. Drugs basically change the way a human brain worksRead MoreAll Kinds Of Addictions And Their Consequences Of Unhealthy Decisions1299 Words   |  6 Pageshabits, form addictions. All kinds of addictions are the main cause of unaccomplished goals. Therefore, addictions must be understood in order to live a healthy life. An addiction is defined as a â€Å"chronic, relapsing disease affecting the brain’s reward, motivation, and related systems† (2). The word addiction is based from a latin term meaning â€Å"enslaved or bound to†. Addictions have a very strong influence on the brain, which manifests in three ways; craving for the source of addiction, loss of controlRead MoreSubstance Abuse: Crisis Intervention1352 Words   |  5 Pagesconviction for abusing an illegal drug, drug-dealing, or DWI); or psychologically-related (the abuser seeks treatment for another psychological condition, such as depression, which is caused by the abuse or for which the abuser is using the substance as a form of self-medication) (Kanel 2011: 221). Regardless, a crisis can actually be a fruitful opportunity to precipitate change in an abusers life. Because drug abusers are often very ambivalent about giving up abusing drugs, it may take a crisis for the

A Career in Tourism Free Essays

Currently tourism – very promising and quickly developing field of economics. Now on volumes of revenue tourism in the third place in the world after the automotive and petroleum industries. But there is a forecast that in the coming years it will take a second or even first place. We will write a custom essay sample on A Career in Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, it should be noted that in the tourism sector employs about half of the population of our planet. Therefore, I believe that tourism Is one of the most attractive areas of activity. In our time, given all the advancements and technology, travel has become easy. And If we consider that the standard of living In our country Is growing, we can still say that tourism Is becoming more affordable for us. Personally, I was attracted by specialty tourism, because I believe that this work- combining business with pleasure. That Is, If I work In the travel agency, I will get the opportunity to more and more to develop, to learn about different parts of our planet, I will certainly go to Info-tours at the expense the enterprise. If, for example, I work In a hotel, It Is a constant opportunity to communicate with new people, foreigners, with their culture. This is an opportunity to practice foreign languages. Jobs tour operator is also very interesting, as it implies a vast knowledge of geography, involves creativity. Make tours very interesting, because I can go to different countries. In addition to all the benefits that I have listed, we should add that all this high-paying places. More accurate to say that everything will depend on myself. To succeed in the career of tourism, first need to have a aspiration and a great desire, you need to be in the mood for communication. Should also receive special education. One must be aware of all the news related to tourism. Attend conferences, participate in the communities to be active within the enterprise, and to invent something new. How to cite A Career in Tourism, Papers

Analysis Of The Book The View On Transgender Essay Example For Students

Analysis Of The Book The View On Transgender Essay The book shows an overview of the view on transgender, the book focuses on the history of the transgender movement from the mid-twentieth century to the current times. The book gives an overview of issues facing the transgender community. Recent articles not only confirm what the book states but also expands on claims and offers solutions to issues still impacting the community today. It also touches on the difference between the gay movement and transgender community. This book is relevant to today’s time because the issues talk about in this book are still ongoing. Within the last few months, a few different states have either passed laws that would discriminate against the transgender community or that has come close to passing those bills.The book acknowledges the common terminology, and explains the differences between the. The term of transgender means that the self-identify gender of the individual doesn’t match their biological sex. The term transsexual means that the individual has changed their sex from that of what they were born with. Cisgender are those that express a gender that corresponds to sociality norms with their sex. Some may consider transgender as intersex also, this would be incorrect, and the term intersex means that a person was born with sex organs that don’t meet the standard gender binary. When referring to a transgender women or man, the gender said is the gender expressed. A transgender man is someone who was born female and is expressing as a man. The next important point is that the sexual orientation is not the same thing as their gender identity. It is subjective to the person what they classify their sexual orientation and their gender identity as. The term transgender came from John F. Ol. .ity. Another issue that are very different between the two groups is the use of bathrooms. Recently many states have come out with strict use of a certain bathroom depending on the gender of the person, this is exclusive to the transgender community. The views of transgender people in the United States is very different from that of other countries. Within the United States the protections are limited but in other countries, the protections are greater. India recently listed those in the transgender community as a third gender. Over ten other countries allow those to change their gender identity. While other countries may provide greater protection and easier transition laws, there are other countries that make it more difficult. Some countries are known to sentence people to death if they come out as transgender, leading those to live in hiding in fear of death. ?

Blood Donation Essay Research Paper The mental free essay sample

Blood Donation Essay, Research Paper The mental hurt caused by one individual to another of equal standing is known as equal force per unit area. If you? ve seen any after school specials you? d know what I? m speaking about. Peer force per unit area takes plentifulness of continuity and securance. You must be relentless about your thought or no one will listen. And, you must be unafraid plenty non to lose your place or thought. As kids we faced force per unit area from our equals all the clip. We were tempted to steal, lie and darnel. Even in maturity these force per unit areas still exist. Others love to carry your head and acquire them on your bandwagon. Whether the inquiry is purchasing a house or a new brace of places, person ever has an sentiment. Even though most peer force per unit area is bad, some of it can be utile. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Donation Essay Research Paper The mental or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I found this out my junior twelvemonth of high school. One of my close friends urged me to donate blood to the Red Cross. It seems harmless to inquire person to lend to charity, but I wasn? T comfy with this state of affairs. For illustration, when person starts to speak blood and backbones I have to go forth the room or else I get faint and nauseating. So, I wasn? t certain if I could manage giving blood. Although my friend knew this she still badgered me to make it. She wanted to it non merely because it was sort but, who of all time donated blood would be let out of school early. Yet, cognizing the statistics on blood contribution besides helped carry my head. I found out that every 3 seconds a individual needs blood. And, 95 % of people livi nanogram to age 72 will necessitate a transfusion but merely 5 % of people donate blood. Had it non been for my friend I wouldn? Ts have paid attending to these facts. Therefore, I decided to or at least tested to donate blood. I was highly nervous when the twenty-four hours came to give blood, however I tried non to demo it. Earlier in the twenty-four hours, some pupils had passed out after they gave blood and were sent to the Nurse? s office. This made me more disquieted than earlier. But, I went Red Cross station anyhow, believing that I? vitamin D be all right. After I filled out some signifiers a nurse directed me where to travel hold my blood drawn. Equally shortly as she told me where to travel, I got unusually nauseating as my face turned white and my custodies got cold and clammy. The nurse could see I wasn? T feeling well and called for aid. I was taken to the nurse? s office where I took a small sleep. When I awoke all my friends knew what happened to me. It was difficult for them non to express joy, but I don? T fault them, I was express joying at myself excessively. Although it was abashing at the clip, it was besides amusing. This calamity is one of my high school memories, which I can look back upon and laugh. I? m sword lily I tried to donate blood because, now I know what it feels like. I? d instead do a sap of myself at age 17 so 25, wouldn? T you? In decision, I? m grateful for my pushful friend because ; she helped me stand up to a challenge that I may confront someday. Although, non anytime shortly. Bibliography Myself

Analysis of Simple Stimulus Learning

Analysis of Simple Stimulus Learning Introduction Learning is a lifetime process that takes place throughout the lifetime of a person. It happens from birth and a person begins to learn different things that constitute his/her environment (Terry, 2009). Stimulus learning can therefore be defined as the permanent change in a behavior of an individual after undergoing certain experiences (Terry, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of Simple Stimulus Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The learner in this case implements what he/she has learned through a change in behavior. Generally, learning is a permanent change in behavior as a result of exposure to a stimulus. The experience that results to a certain behavior in an individual is referred to as a stimulus. There are different types of stimuli that result to a change of behavior. Some are simple such as conditioning and habituation while others are quite complex. Simple stimul us learning can therefore be defined as a change in behavior as a result of the presence of a mild stimulus (Terry, 2009). The concept of habituation The learning process takes place from birth to the time when a person dies. Most of the learning happens through the process of habituation. As a person grows up, he/she is continually introduced to changes in the environment and consequently new stimuli are introduced too (Poggi Fahle, 2002). A person gets used to the previous stimuli after it occurs repeatedly and it no longer causes any change in behavior or learning. Habituation is defined as the reduction in response to a stimulus after it has been presented for some time. This means that when an individual becomes used to a certain stimulus, it triggers no change in behavior and there is no more learning. Although people prefer to learn from familiar stimulus, when its presence is repeated for a long time there is no more learning (Poggi Fahle, 2002). It is therefore important to keep changing the stimulus during the process of learning to facilitate effective learning. The process of habituation enables an individual to accustom to a new stimulus and as time passes there is no response to it (Terry, 2009). For instance, if a person gets a job in an airport where airplanes make a lot of noise when landing or taking off, he /she will be disturbed during the first days but after some time he/she will get used to the noise and will no longer be bothered by the noise o.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fading of the stimulus (noise in this case) is called habituation. In other words the person learns to get used to the loud noise at the airport as it is reflected in the change of behavior. Research conducted on the learning processes show that habituation is the simplest form of knowledge that is achieved after repeated exposure to a sti mulus (Mishra, 2008). Factors that affect Perceptual Learning Perceptual learning refers to the form learning or change in behavior that arise as a result of experiencing or doing something for several times. Unlike stimulus learning whereby learning or change in behavior is as a result of the presence of a stimulus, perceptual learning involves the recognition of a stimulus that you have seen before (Poggi Fahle, 2002). In this form of learning the learner has to recognize situations and objects and make changes in the sensory system of the brain. The following are the factors that affect perceptual learning: Presenting a contrasting stimulus- during perceptual learning, there is need to have both positive and negative stimuli. When only one dimension of a stimulus is present, the learning process is delayed. However, when both positive and negative dimensions are present, a learner is able to detect the difference between one stimulus and another, and respond to the most positiv e one. This result to a better learning or change in the behavior of the learner (Terry, 2009). Replacing an easy stimulus with a more difficult one- in perceptual learning, an experience of an easy situation enables an individual to learn more difficult situations. Therefore exposing a subject to an easy stimulus then to a difficult one facilitates learning while starting with a difficult one then a simpler one hinders learning (Columbus, 2003). Attention and feedback- perceptual learning normally occurs without the need for feedback about the learning process and performance. If a learner is required to give feedback after the learning, then perceptual learning is affected negatively. Effects of Stimulus Exposure During the learning process persons develop preference to a certain stimulus. However, too much exposure to the stimuli sometimes makes preference to the stimuli to fade (Columbus, 2003). Consequently, the learner does not respond to the stimulus anymore and the learning process stops. Generally, stimulus exposure inhibits learning if there is no stimulus replacement. When a series of stimuli are presented to a learner repeatedly, he/she is able to recognize the stimuli that have been there before of that he/she is familiar with (Columbus, 2003). In the real life situation, a good example of simple stimulus learning is the dressing process. Once the stimulus is sent to the brain that a person is naked, the person responds by wearing clothes. After staying with clothes for some time, there is no more response to their presence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of Simple Stimulus Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Columbus, F.H., (2003). Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 21. Carbondale, IL: Nova Publishers Mishra, T., (2008). Psychology: A Study of Human Behavior. New Delhi, India PHI: Learning Pvt. Ltd Poggi, T., Fahle, M., (2002). Perceptual Learning. Massachusetts, MA: MIT Press Terry, W.S., (2009). Learning and memory: Basic principles, processes, and procedures edition 4. Boston: Pearson/Allyn Bacon.

Pros and Cons of Teacher Websites Research Paper - 1

Pros and Cons of Teacher Websites - Research Paper Example Classroom websites have been recognized for their simple yet valuable contribution to the educational world, but not without a fair share of negative points. Either way, the users of this tool should evaluate whether these flaws outweigh the contribution that it makes to learning. The main function of a classroom website is to serve as an additional and convenient method for the teachers to share information with their students. From this, spring the many advantages of having a classroom website. The fact that it is a technology-based tool, however, has certain disadvantages. One large advantage of this is that teachers can always leave notes as reminders for the student on this website. The notes can be pertaining to any important matter discussed in class, which the teacher does not want the students to forget. This especially includes things like homework, announcements, and class rules. A student who cannot recall the homework assigned for a subject can simply log on to the website to see the reminder that the teacher left for the students. This however, requires the teacher to update the website after every single lesson (Greenspan, 2002). This can be a time-consuming activity, especially for teachers who have multiple classes to manage. Apart from this, the teacher may also use this website to make announcements and share news. This includes announcements such as informing the class of an upcoming fieldtrip or the cancellation of a class. The need for such announcements usually arises after class stands dismisses. Thus, if the teacher posts such announcements online, this saves the teacher the trouble of having to inform the students through other, lengthier means, and it also ensures that the news is displayed.

Poverty and Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Poverty and Pollution - Essay Example This paper outlines that Cubatao in Brazil, which may be the most polluted area in the whole world, has about 100,000 people living in the valley. Inhabitants have refused to sell their land and resettle elsewhere because of the readily available jobs from the industries and the cheap life around. This paper will examine the ethical implications of pollution in the third world, pollution as the price for progress, moral right to human beings of a livable environment, and global pollution standards. Additionally, the paper will examine whether the wealthy nations have an obligation to provide poorer nations with resources to develop greener industries. Ethical implications of businesses polluting in a third world country are common. First, every animal, plant, and other living things have a right to a better environment. It is unfortunate that pollution destroys their habitat shortens their lives. Additionally, pollution causes the extinction of some animals resulting in an incomplete life cycle of such animals. Living things depends on one another for survival and human beings depend on them. It is unethical that a human decision can result in death and loss of livelihood. Although human beings are superior to other beings, they have an obligation to other human beings and nonhuman beings. Secondly, right to bodily security supersedes all another human right including the right to property. The health of the environment is more important than all other rights because they protect human life. Therefore, pollution is unethical as it undermines a basic human right. Some businesses may conduct operations in a third world country and disregard any standards of pollution control. To reap the benefit of cheap labor and circumvent the strict conditions of working, many companies have moved their factories to third world countries.  

Human Resource Management - Worklife balance Essay

Human Resource Management - Worklife balance - Essay Example This paper contributes to the work/life balance and work/non-work conflict literature by analyzing the literature of various studies, which examine the attitudes and experiences relating to work/life balance among UK, employees in the first 10 years of their careers. Specifically, the analysis explores the extent to which work/life balance matters, the extent to which it is being achieved and the factors that determine perceptions of work/non-work conflict, including the state of the psychological contract between employer and employee, work involvement and organisational support. The potential impact of work/non-work conflict on organisational commitment is examined, and the policy implications for employers considered. Corporate leaders understand that employees' work and family lives rare inextricably linked. They al ways have been but today, with increased pressures in both domains, the overlap and the challenges created are increasingly obvious and complex to resolve. Solving the paradox seated in an organisation's need to be optimally productive and the individual's need to find quality time to meet domestic responsibilities, to establish, maintain and grow relationships and to relax and re-charge, is the great challenge of the new millennium. Most managers have yet to overcome the conundrum for themselves let alone help employees resolve it in their lives. The prospects for easing the work/ life imbalance dilemma lie, at least in part, in establishing what is creating it. 'Know thy enemy' and so forth. Enemy number one must surely be the 'time distribution imbalance' trap - consistently committing too much time to work where this is having a detrimental impact on personal life. However, the concept of 'work-life balance' means different things to different people, and there are always shades of grey. What is an imbalance to one person is perfectly acceptable to another. In addition, commercial realities cannot be ignored. Somehow, the needs of key customers and/or other stakeholders must be met or they will take their patronage elsewhere. These and the myriad of other related issues are why the problem is so vexed and why many leaders effectively suspend their attempts to solve it. It ends up in the 'too hard' basket. However, given the gravity of the problem and the potential upside that comes with finding a remedy, at some point the issue must come back to the fore. So where to start Most managers agree that a so-called 'quality work environment' reduces the employment stresses that can spill over to staff's personal lives and create distress. The quality work environment bundle might include job characteristics such as work time flexibility, individual responsibility and autonomy, the physical office environment, pay, equity and advancement conditions. Lastly, but certainly not least, the nature of interpersonal relations in the office is very important. For some time, it has been argued that achieving a 'balance' between home life and work life is increasingly a priority for many people. As long ago

John Lockes Theory of Property

John Lockes Theory of Property John Locke was born at the time when England was rising against monarchism and the rights of the ordinary people were being revised to envisage the possibilities of sharing power with the ruler. His father was a republican and his views were indifferently influenced by his father to be concerned about the rights of the working people. This was very much reflected in his political theory which cannot be snapped of all ties with this economic and in particular his views regarding property ownership. With his liberal thinking John Locke viewed the ordinary views of rights to property, especially in relation to land as the primary entitlement beyond the prevalent system. His influence in the growth of property laws and later land laws is immense. Property rights and other philosophies in that area have been widely grown and developed much from John Lockes theory in relation to property. This right to property is not to be confused with personal rights as the rights to a property by an in dividual is to be celebrated at rem or against all third parties which John Locke divided into: Common Private Properties John Lockes theory in relation to property can be outlined into: Divinely ordained nature of property and the labourer; Self-ownership emanating from such rights to property by application of labour; Limits on the property and related statues; Need to protect property and the ultimate necessity of governance. The above theory is based on his major political essay, the Second Treatise of Government. This essay will endeavour to critically examine the practicality of his views and whether the theory ultimately delivers any clear message to the development of the property rights. This critical analysis will reflect on the theorists and scholars who wish to remain supportive of Lockes views and also to set a contrast by discussing the views of those scholars who oppose him. Chapter V of his Treatise would be receiving especial attention in this essay as that is where Locke discussed individuals rights  [1]  to property. Section 25, 26, 27, 28 and 31  [2]  will be the pivotal discussions to reflect on the central views of his theory. The essay has based on the criticisms of all theories from the points of modern day scholars, lawyers and judicial decisions by the courts in England and Wales primarily. An endeavour will be made at the end to circumnavigate the relevance of his theory in modern times. Examination of The Theory John Lockes writing were in refute of Robert Filmer. Robert Filmer was a defender of the divine right of Kings and he also said it was wrong to kill yourself because the king owned your life. But Locke argued that God had given the world to man in common. John Locke did not give any emphasis on the natural value of the property rather emphasized on the labour of people to add value to the property. He wrote in his Second Treatise on the issue of property and the value of labour with a economical and philosophical acumen. The main features of Lockes theory on property are as follows: Properties do not have much value as of a divine ordainment rather he is of the view that labour adds the deserving value to the property which is regarded as the principle of first appropriation; The ownership to a property is created by the related labour That Government proceeds property as Government also protects individual ownerships or rights to the property; The Government cannot act arbitrarily to remove individuals from estates and this confirms rights of people to the property and it also establishes that the Government must value individual rights and labours; Properties can be private and common properties; Property has narrow and wider definitions. In the broad sense in includes rights and interests to the property whereas the narrow sense includes the material goods only; Property and rights thereof are natural by application of labour as with labour goods and benefits thereof are created gving entitlement to the producer;  [3]   Human beings have to take from nature to eat and drink and to produce to live as a natural right to preserve themselves and with this they have an obligation to God. Human beings produce and have rights to his produce as a means to preserve themselves as he opines in section 25; God has given this world in common along with the abilities to use this resources therein to live as explained in section 26; there are things which people own in nature including their person and labour; Labour is the means which confirms which is privately owned and commonly owned as discussed in section 28; When a person works his labour enters object and that object becomes property and a right is created in that property in the process. Man should be taking only what he can use or utilise before it spoils as discussed in section 31 creating a limitation to the property rights; Locke says, As much as any one can make use of to any advantage of life before it spoils.  [4]  The right to a property is only clear and exclusive as long as it doesnt jeopardize anyone elses ability to create equivalent types of property for himself and the purpose and justification for this limit is that Nothing was made by God for Man to spoil or destroy.  [5]   Someone is entitled to take up to the point where there is some left and he is also of the opinion that there should be enough land for everyone as mentioned in section 33; Where there is not enough land left then non-owners should labour on owned lands to sustain or preserve themselves as discussed in section 34; What property ownership brings happiness and in his capitalist view where everything is owned then that brings greater joy which he discusses in section 37 and he goes to compare unhappiness of unowned lands and people therein in America to happier people in Britain where everything is owned; Labour enhances the quality of a land and makes it more productive than it was ever before as a natural waste land; That private property attainable by money as he mentions in section 46 and as an exception to his spoilage principle above he explains that money helps people produce more than he can use before getting spoilt as he can sell that property as well and money is not perishable; That money is the means to barter and exchange possession of the properties as mentioned in section 50; That money allows more industrious and rational  [6]  to accumulate wealth and the increased accumulation would jeopardise the possibilities of all to own without the spoilage limitation which also concern personal safety for which civic society is needed to have enforcement authority and men would find it advantageous to form the civic government.  [7]   Government ensures safety to life, liberty and estate.  [8]  Therefore, ownership of private properties is one of the main reasons for the existence of a state. But for tension amongst people, Locke is of the view that not only scarcity of property by ownerships but also by dint of increasing population. Critical Thinking From the chronological discussion of the main issues of Lockes theory on property it appears that his provisos to his own theory as for example, the spoilage theory or natural rights theory to leave for all to have are defeated with the money clause as a means to barter. The theory seems to fail in the claim for Gods nature to be preserved for all. He is of the view that in order to preserve such rights to property humans forms civic societies and governments are established to secure rights to such properties in a guaranteeing manner with authority to enforce the rights to the property. His theory seems to be based on selfishness which also seems to be unfair. Lockes theory seems to be puzzling, contradictory and without any precise solution. Lockes theory leaves generations of owners which seem to be unfair as only people who can work are allowed to own property. This defeats the democratic norm. During Lockes time only property owners could vote then the question arises about the justifications of those without owning property willing to be part of the society where they have nothing to protect as personal property. Locke does refer to divinely ordained natural rights to property but his theory goes against the very basic ethos of Christianity. He himself mentioned commonly owned property rights to have come before capitalism, and the selfish ownership of property by a group at the cost of poverty of the other group seems to be against the very basics of Christian beliefs. It does not seem to shake hands with Gods love for all. Locke gives priority to common good over common ownership but common good seems to be elusive in practical world with ownership of properties being controlled by a certain group of the mass. In L ockes theory, a certain number of people are born to be owners and certain others are born not to have at inception which creates a class structural problem which unjustifiably plunges a group of people in endless toiling whereas the other group does not work or hardly works. This seems to be unnatural at the core when nature did not create such inequalities. Scholastic Appraisal Leading scholars have viewed Lockes theory variably. Some are supportive and many are critical of his theory. Those that are critical have mention inconsistencies and contradictions. I will attempt to highlight some of these points Hume confronts Locke and acts opposite about property being natural rights. According to Hume private property is constructed by man, not of nature but of convention. Therefore there is no inherent relationship between a thing a being. Our property is nothing but those goods, whose constant possession is establishd by the laws of society; that is, by the laws of justice.  [9]   This means that if there is nothing natural then property rights are always open to disruption. Ramon comments on the second limit placed by John Locke of accumulating property in relation to money. Lockes assertion that one can accumulate any amount of money is suggested to be incompatible with the first limit as to how much property one can own. The fact natural products differs from money by that natural products will rot and money will not. They are both useful and therefore essentially the same. Ramon also considers three objections to Lockes theory i) it does not explicitly account for the development of an employer-employee relationship ii) his theory fails to provide a means of determining what share of the product which is produced rightly belongs to the employer and what share rightly belongs to employees. iii) theory fails to provide a means of determining what share of the product produced as a result of a division of labour rightly belongs to each person involved in its production. Leo Strauss was of the opinion that Locke in fact believed there is no genuine natural law rather only conventional law.  [10]   Richard Cox in his Locke on War and Peace argues that Lockes Two Treatises are of two levels with opposing views. The first one uses classical orthodox view of God and men and divine relationship and feeling for fellow men whereas the second one views men as Hobbesian creature ruled by passions. But his view seems to be an exaggeration. Mac Person believes that Locke rather had a hidden assumption of possessive individualism and according to Locke society and individual interactions were nothing more than relationship of exchange of properties.  [11]  This seems to make Lockes theory to be harsh and selfish. MacPherson explains that though Locke is of the opinion that through private ownership entire wealth of the community to increase, yet, there was no guarantee that the wealth would be equally distributed. He is also of the opinion that Locke contradicts himself when he assumes that overall life of all will be bettered regardless of who owns the property,  [12]  yet, he expects people who dont own property to work for those who own for the sake of subsistence which in fact helps the owners accumulate wealth through unfair advantage. But the above scholars have also been subjected to serious criticisms as well in their assessment of Lockes theory. For example, Peter Laslett brands MacPhersons criticism as thoroughly unrealistic and occasionally unhistoric.  [13]   One of the supporters of Lockes theory, Martin Seliger in his The Liberal Politics of John Locke believes that most of the apparent confusions raised about Lockes theory of property emanate from misinterpreting Lockes approach about equality. He is of the view that though Locke posited political equality in nature, yet he never opined that there would be equality of possessions.  [14]   Karl Marx in his Communist Manifesto  [15]  believed the abolition of private property as he was of the opinion that the bourgeoisie has always oppressed the working class with private ownership by means of labour where the working class would work and the owners would not work and exploit that working class. He was also of the opinion that the state formulated laws to rule for oppression in support of the ruling or owner class. This seems to be radically different from the views of John Locke. But Marxism has been criticised as intolerant and unable to survive. Marxism wishes to abolish something when no one is in charge to abolish it or enforce the abolition. This seems to be an absurdity. Influence John Locke influenced many epoch making future philosophers with his liberalism. It has been widely argued that though the definition of freedom as per Locke and Marx are very different, yet, even Marx was influenced by Lockes liberalism. Hence, it seems that with his theory Locke had been able to bring the relationship between men and property to an intellectual level of research. Conclusion John Lockes theory seems to be still influencing the capitalist societies around the world in seeking justifications by the name of freedom to trade and own. His theory also supported in celebrating rights to property and protection of those rights being recognized as part of human rights. But this view has also turned societies selfish to a certain extent by formulating means and trading systems whereby consumerism has grown by manifold. Karl Marxs view seems to be more scientific in endeavouring to eradicate social class structural problems. But Marxs theory also seem to go against individuals rights to celebrate creativity by celebrating its produces. John Lockes theory has its practical appeal as it is the concept behind which the people work the hardest through competitions. Locke predicted such situations where a group of people with poverty would come to exist but he failed in offering a solution for the problem as well. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that with its faults Lockes theory on property and ownerships thereof is still influencing justifications in conjunction with many other fundamental rights. The global leading capitalist nations seem to be practical proponents of this theory in practice. This concept is also connected with our democratic values which have become inalienable. The scholars are divided in their opinions about Lockes theory but it is also true that beyond the contradictions within the theory, the theory exposes the truth by which the modern world is functioning as whole where we work every day to own property either tangible or intangible.

Napoleons Failure to Dominate Europe Essay -- history

Napoleon's Failure to Dominate Europe A ruler's reputation comes from the change that he inflicts upon his subjects, territory, and surrounding lands. Napoleon Bonaparte rose into power during the French Revolution, causing drastic changes not only to France, but to the rest of Europe as well. His domestic and foreign policies were not always successful, but his ability to rule was undeniable. From his rising in power and reform of France, up until his military defeat in Russia, Napoleon succeeded in gaining a considerate amount of power and control. In France, Napoleon used his power to make many reforms in all aspects of life. He incorporated a national bank, public schools, and constructed new roads. With these changes, he also enforced the Concordat of 1801 and the Napoleonic Codes of Law. While the Concordat focused mainly on Church affairs, the Code Napoleon covered a broad spectrum of new ideas and reforms. Code Napoleon made France "more peaceful at home than it had been for many years," (Modern Times 58) and it was one of his "most lasting domestic achievements." (World History 641) It was made to have one code of laws for all of France, instead of many separate legal systems. The Civil Code recognized each individual's equality and privileges. Some other changes included the supporting of religious toleration, right of divorce, and civil marriage. Private property, inheritance, and business laws were affected as well. Promotion for civil and military offi...

Morality in Politics Essay

People are forced to face moral challenges in making day-to-day decisions. When it comes to benefitting individual and societal good, the great question of politics is raised: what is the right thing to do? In Sophocles’ Antigone, there is a dilemma whether to abide by the laws of the gods above the laws of the state. Antigone makes a decision that not only affects her future but the future of the state under her uncle’s rule. Antigone gains a high moral sense in that she followed the laws of the gods and therefore did the morally right choice going against state laws, either case can be deemed as morally correct. In this essay it will be argued that citizens should be free to disobey state laws when conscience dictates. Sophocles’ play enacts the moral conflict of power between the laws of the gods and the laws of state. He presents the reader with a dilemma involving religious rituals passed down in the family and a new law passed by a ruler of the state. Antigone and her uncle, Creon, have a different set of values. Creon, the ruler of Thebes, values the constant order of the state and the public good. Antigone values family and religion, and views these commitments as superior to the laws imposed by her uncle. She claims, there is an â€Å"unchangeable unwritten code of Heaven,† (Sophocles, Antigone, 17) and she decides to act against the laws of her uncle to fulfill the laws of the gods, by giving her brother a proper burial ritual against Creon’s will. Antigone considers her uncle’s laws as sacrilege. Creon thought that his decision would bring stability to his state, as he claimed that â€Å"by corruption few men thrive and many come to mischief,† (Sophocles, Antigone, 12). Creon places the ‘polis’ above family and religious values and disregards the values that Antigone holds sacred. Sophocles positions Antigone as being the heroine of the play and allows her to justify her decisions, with the taking of her own life Antigone made a statement and accentuates the power she held and that Creon lacked. In the end, Creon is left with feelings of regret and no family, thus punished by the gods for not abiding by their laws. Antigone believed that her rights were not given to her by Creon but rather given to her by the gods. She was only doing what she thought was morally right. Antigone is a religious being and clearly values the gods higher than the state; she is willing to face the consequences. Antigone was willing to â€Å"meet with nothing more grievous, at the worst, than death, with honour,† (Sophocles, Antigone, 4) she courageously fulfilled her duties as a religious being. Many people would applaud Antigone’s bravery, for any private interest should be allowed to challenge the public good. In doing so, I believe that those private interests could eventually turn into a public interest. In the play, a prophet visits Creon to warn him of the consequences that have been brought about from his unjust laws. If it had not have been for Antigone publicly objecting to Creon’s law, it would probably not have been such a big issue that brought the concern of others. Antigone allowed for others to question Creon’s law and debate if it is morally right to go against the laws of the gods. Publicly refusing to follow a law brings attention to an issue that otherwise would have been ignored. One great example in our society is during the Civil Rights era; Martin Luther King Jr. ’s actions brought great attention to the issue of racial segregation. He believed that it was right to openly break a law that was not supposed to be a law at all. His actions although non-violent broke many laws that were made to impede success among the African American population in the U. S. He believed that by publicly and consciously breaking the law exposes brutality and promotes participation. In doing so, the people against the law were perceived as being brave and those watching were forced to question what was just. When issues become public and catch the interest of the majority of the people in the ‘polis’, the government is forced to do something about it. Creon responded with a stern and much too harsh punishment that led to the death of his niece, son and wife but if Antigone would not have contested his law he could have eventually reached complete domination of political power. The general population supported Antigone but they were too afraid to say anything until they finally felt that something must be done. Creon was running a totalitarian government and was corrupting the state. He was unable to see how unjust his law was until others brought it to his attention and tried to convince him that his use of power was wrong. Antigone’s defying actions instilled courage in the people to also speak against their ruler. It might be objected that when someone disobeys state laws whenever their conscience dictates they are only helping themselves, the person breaking the law is not thinking about the common good but rather fulfilling their own good or promoting anarchy. Civil disobedience may seem reasonable when we consider Martin Luther King Jr. ’s situation but it may not always be driven with good intentions. By disobeying, regardless of good or bad intentions, they are hurting the stability of the state. Creon argues, â€Å"Obedience is due to the state’ officer in small and great, just and unjust commandments†¦ (Sophocles, Antigone, 26). † Creon did not bother to judge his laws as just or unjust, he simply did what he considered was good for the state. It is thought that if people continue to please themselves in breaking the laws of the state that they will eventually break every law and lose all respect for the state. Civil disobedience may not always serve the public good and only serve to undermine order. Breaking a law weakens the state and it’s order, it promotes anarchy and disrespects authority. It should not be encouraged or tolerated. It is a civic virtue to abide by the laws of the state it is what leads to its success and stability. By breaking the law Antigone was faced with death, she claimed that she was honoring the gods and that they would honor her in the end. But one must question if honor is worth the permanence of death. Many people feel so strongly about their opinions that they are wiling to die just as Antigone did in Sophocles’ play. One notable person in history is Socrates; he willingly faced all punishments administered to him. He claimed to have had a contract with his state of Athens that obliged him to accept punishments for taking advantage of the state in the first place. This shows that even though Socrates may have broken some law, he still held respect for the state. Not every person that breaks a law is completely recalcitrant. Like Socrates, those who fight for civil rights and follow what they believe to be morally correct are aware of their wrongdoings and make it a statement when they finally submit to the law. They are submitting to punishments even if they are deemed unjust only to prove to the state that their morals are important and can withstand any punishment. In facing moral challenges one is often forced to face it is always difficult to decipher what is right and what is wrong. Everyone has different values and obligations. Here, Antigone’s values outweighed Creon’s overwhelmingly unjust laws. One must always question what is more important and find a balance between the two. Civil disobedience is allowed when the conscience dictates in situations that lead to a greater good. Not all private interests are egocentric some may also reflect the interest of the general population. Antigone, although harshly punished just as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Socrates were as well, have all rose among the common people and proved to be great. They encompassed a passion and bravery for their beliefs that was able to attract attention to conflicts in the law. Without their brave actions the state would not have been open to change and reach a new level of stability.

Macbeth Essays (757 words) - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays

Macbeth Essays (757 words) - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays Dunn English IV 11/6/15 There have been many heroes though time, but not all of them tragic. William Shakespeares story of Macbeth, being about a war hero whom receives titles from his feats. Macbeths role is a tragic hero corrupt by greed, and his misfortune only grows. Macbeth is visited by three witches who come to him and give him prophetic-like news. They tell him he will become Thane of Cawdor and King. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, however, are not content with his new title of Thane, and plot to kill Duncan (the current king). However situations go a bit amiss. In the plans to ensure their own success, continue murdering, they dig themselves into a whole they wont be able to get out of. When Macbeth hears his destiny from the three witches he is still a noble man. Its when he is the rewarded the title that he is now Thane of Cawdor, that he becomes a tragic hero and is blinded by dark ambition. He and Lady Macbeth decide to kill Duncan, He is about it: the doors are open; and the surfeited grooms do mock their charge with snores: I have druggd their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live or die.(Shakespeare 50) The deed is to be done; Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are ready to place the blame of Duncans murder on his own guards. However at this point Macbeth is wavering and begins to feel the guilt of what he is done. As he expresses, I am afraid to think what I have done; look ont again I dare not.(Shakespeare 55) Macbeth is currently unable to face the weight of what he has done. Yet, his guilt begins to fade, as he grasps for what he wants. As Macbeth shouldve intended his ambitious plans go awry, even if at first the murder circumstances go his way. People begin to talk of Macbeth becoming king, Thriftless ambition, that wilt ravin up thine own lifes means! Then tis most like the sovereignty will fall upon Macbeth.(Shakespeare 73) Since Duncans sons fled theyve been blamed, and Macbeth will be the one to gain the throne. However Banquo begins to suspect Macbeth, Thou hast it how: king, Cawdor, Glamis, all, as the weird women promised, and, I fear, thou playdst most foully fort.(Shakespeare 77) Banquo, having been present when the witches visited Macbeth, now suspects Macbeths sudden good fortune. Now Macbeth will only grow desperate. Macbeth makes the choice to continue murdering so that he may ensure what he has worked, and killed for. So he comes to the conclusion that he must kill Banquo, For certain friends that are both his and mine, whose loves I may not drop, but wail his fall who I myself struck down; and thence it is, that I to your assistance do make love, masking the business from the common eye for sundry weighty reasons.(Shakespeare 85) Macbeth wishes to do away without losing the people close to him if they learn the identity of the murderer(s). Macbeths mind has been made, It is concluded. Banquo, thy souls flight, if it find heaven, must find it out to-night.(Shakespeare 87) Macbeth feels he will finally be free of Banquo. However Macbeths decision to continue murdering was all in vain. Macbeth sent murderers to kill Banquo so the one person suspicious of his action would be dead. However Banquos son, Fleance escapes. As the murderers discover, Theres but one down; the son has fled.(Shakespeare 95) Making Fleance someone who now knows of Macbeths actions and may expose Macbeth. However in the end, during battle, Macbeth meets his end to Macduff. As said, Hail, king! For so thou art: behold, where stands the usurpers cursed head: the time is free.(Shakespeare 192) Macduff has no freed everyone of Macbeth and his rule as king. In route of their own dark Macbeth and Lady Macbeth dig themselves into a whole they wont be able to get out of. However Macbeth beginning was as a noble man. A hero, in fact, but all of that was gone when he lost sight of which he was though greed. In his greed to become king he killed many, including his best

Chinese Government essays

Chinese Government essays China is one of the largest countires in the world and the most populated. China is a communist country that holds many different beliefs and values then our own free country, the United States of America. This communist country is very restricted and government controlled. The United States focuses more on people control. Here we have choices, we vote and we have many freedoms. Our leaders are not intent on hiding everything from us. This is not to say that we have completely honest leaders, but in years past, I believe this to be shown more predominant. In the past the American government has not always been completely open with the general population, but it has never been as restricting as other countries in the world, including China. Recent years show more of an open government in the United States, especially with President Bill Clinton. Being a part of the trial for impeachment of Bill Clinton opened America up to see that our government is comprised of people too. It also showed us that they make mistakes and are not hiding behind their power to keep it a secret from the general population. More and more, the government is being open with the general public about terrorism and going to war. Since media became a big deal, it seems that we can know just about anything we need to know about our government. In contrast to this, China keeps many aspects of its government hidden from the general population. People in China do not have the same kind of inside information that we get from our media. Most people do not have access to the internet, and those who do, may not have full access. China has forever tried to shield their people from the idea of democracy and general human rights offered in many other countires, like the United States of America. Many of the policies implimented in China would never be accepted in the United States. Americans value their free choice too much to follow any laws compromising...

Knowledge, Truth, Belief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Knowledge, Truth, Belief - Assignment Example A properly basic belief should be justifiable. For example, I believe man cannot live without eating food. It is justifiable that man has always had desire for food and without food will get malnourished and eventually dies. Empirical knowledge recognises establishment of facts rather than speculations and goes beyond belief. On the contrary, Sellers assertion is not right since the myth of the given is more idealistic than mechanistic. 4. a) If your answer is yes, then exactly how do we explain the â€Å"mystery" of human perception? How do human infants, for example, manage to make the transition from experiencing the world as "a pure stream of consciousness" to being discriminating perceivers of the world around them? b) If your answer is no, then describe, in your own words, where you think Sellers approach takes a wrong turn when it comes to describing what we can, or (more accurately) cannot be said to know, on the basis of sense perception? No. Sellers approach does not meet empherical thresh hold. Perception may not be accurate sometimes and may lead to misjudgement. Perception too can be biased depending on ones interest, health and age. For example knowledge of time may be of no value to an infant which is the reverse of mid adulthood. Seller’s statement does not consider special cases, for example the mongolism that do not transition in their

The Benefits of Having a Good Boss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Benefits of Having a Good Boss - Essay Example A good boss increases productivity and promotes healthy working relationship while a bad boss hampers the growth of a company. The two kinds of boss are similar in terms of their professional roles in an organization. Both have people working under them, possess power over others, work towards the success of the company, and implement rules of the company. In an organization, employees look up to their bosses and make them the role model. Serving as role models, bosses should possess admirable qualities that others may imitate. In particular, the boss should behave according to the mission and goals of the company. He should have ideal professional qualities and imbibe the principles of goodwill, justice, and honesty in his profession. However, personal qualities are as important as professional ones to promote good-working relationship with employees. According to Brusman (2), the way a boss treats people is what differentiates him from others. It is the aspect in which many bosses commit mistakes, thus it is one aspect that easily distinguishes a good boss from a bad one. Another aspect is decision-making strategy. As the superior, a boss holds the highest power in an organization but such power may be equally divided among employees if a boss wishes to. Furthermore, the life goals of a boss differentiate a good one from a bad one. Life goals include those accomplishments that a boss wants to attain for himself, his employees, and organization. Treating employees positively is one of the characteristics of a good boss. Positive treatment of employees may be challenging especially with the presence of tension and pressure from work. Deadlines, work quality, and other factors may affect the way a boss deals and treats his employees, thus they can serve as the real margin to distinguish a good boss from a bad one. Despite pressure, a good boss shows good examples that others imitate while a bad one acts in the dismay of his subordinates. A good boss is friendly and deals nicely with others. He is neither feared nor avoided. Rather, subordinates work freely in his presence. In the morning, employees wait for him to arrive and wish to see him in the meeting to discuss issues that need to be resolved. In contrast, a bad boss terrorizes his employees with his presence alone. Subordinates do not feel comfortable when he is around. They are alarmed by his presence, and sometimes pretend to be busy when the boss is around. Likewise, in a meeting, employees do not wish to see the boss, but they still attend because they are afraid of being scolded at. Moreover, employees talk behind the back of a bad boss. They make fun of him and draw funny caricatures, and laugh at his mistakes. In sum, the friendly boss causes a positive atmosphere in the office while the terror boss brings about a negative climate. Athough the bad boss may decrease cases of absenteeism due to the fear of employees to be reprimanded, he may in turn increase employee turnover be cause subordinates could have a hard time dealing with him. A good boss knows how to sympathize with others while a bad one does not care about others’ feelings. As a leader, a boss acts as the parent of the organization. Therefore, he should be concerned of all employees, eventhough they are not directly under them. As such, he should know show sympathy when they need it. Showing sympathy to others could be as simple as giving condolences to bereaved employees, sending get-well-soon cards, calling up employees to check why they are absent, and so on. Likewise, a good boss knows how to appreciate the efforts of his people. He says â€Å"thank you† for favors done for him, greets people on their birthdays, and celebrates birthdays with them. However, a bad boss lacks all the

Management Accounting as a Part of Strategic Process Essay

Management Accounting as a Part of Strategic Process - Essay Example As management accounting also deals with the analysis, interpretation, and communication of data in addition to identification and measurement of those, it can be said that it is a tool for the management for the decision-making process and is a much broader concept than to provide mere numerical data to the management. The tools and techniques used for the purpose of management accounting include marginal costing, standard costing, budgetary control, etc. A strategy is a process deployed by an organization to accomplish its mission and long term objectives. As management accounting facilitates the top management with preparation, analysis, interpretation, and communication of financial and non-financial information, the essence of management accounting is implicit with the strategic process in an organization. Management accounting provides the top management with the required (interpreted) information at the right time which in turn aids the management in the decision-making process.   Quality, Cost and Time are the three important aspects of any strategy. Management accounting information assists the top management to achieve quality goals. It also helps the management to achieve the objective of cost management as management accounting also involves costing methods. In addition to quality and cost, management accounting also provides timely information to the decision-makers (Bell J., Ansari S., Klammer T., Lawrence C., n.d.). Therefore, it can be inferred that management accounting is a part and parcel of the strategic process of an organization. As it is often said that change is the only constant term in this world, the concept of management accounting and the roles of management accountant are also subject to it. With the change in the way of business being conducted especially because of massive technological innovations, today management accountant has a much bigger role to play in an organization. From the obligation of the accounting duties, his responsibilities are more of managerial in nature. Apart from the technical expertise, management accountant of today must also possess the technological knowledge. The management accountant has to play the integrating role in the business. In the competitive scenario of today, he cannot expect his role to be over by just preparing the report, rather he has to try and interpret the key areas to the management and be a partner to the decision making process. The management accountant has to keep his eyes wide open and analyze the future with the tools of the subject and add value to the organization.

4 Paragraphs Essay Example for Free

4 Paragraphs Essay -My room is in a mess because I had a party with my best friends last night. I have to clean my room before my mom arrives from work. The underwear is hanging on the lamp, my books are all jammed in the closet, the scarf is beneath the TV and my shoe is under the bed. -We have the best cafeteria, they offer different type of foods, the food menu is so big it consists of Arabian, Indian, American, Mexican and Chinese food. They have a special Indian dish called â€Å"Chicken Tekka Masala† its a dish of roasted chicken chunks in a spicy sauce. Breakfast Burritos is a special Mexican food that contains Eggs, bacon, salsa, sour cream and cheddar cheese wrapped in a flour tortilla, hot sauce is optional. My favorite dish in the cafeteria menu is Shawarma, it’s an Arabian food made with chicken and bread. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay -David is a dangerous driver, I hate the way he drives the car, he either drive too slow or too fast. One day we were in the Himalayan mountains, he was behind the steering driving uphill, he was driving so fast we almost fell of the cliff. The way he brakes the car is so scary, it reminds me of how my grandmother drives. Neighbors are so important if they are willing to help you in time of need. My favorite neighbor is Mrs. Shirley , I remember the day when the government cut off our water, she was the first one there to help us, she even offered us to stay at her place. She is so generous and I like the way she hosts me.

Trends of Internet Health Care

Trends of Internet Health Care What is Internet Health Care? Technology has changed forever the way consumers perceive healthcare. the internet is utilized by millions of user to perform daily life activities such as shopping, bills paying, communication with colleagues or family members, dating, and now health care (Bau, 2001). In the past, only physicians were the source and provider of health care information and services to their patients (Hesse all, 2005). Also most information pertaining to health was only accessible in libraries, through medical books. In this new age of advanced technology, the internet has become the go to tool for patients seeking health information as mild as flu symptoms to more serious and life threatening disease as cancer. As much as 72% of world-wide-web users seek health information though the internet (Pew 2012). â€Å"Health seekers† utilize this tool to learn more about their condition, seek new treatments, interact with others in the same situation, and get answers to questions at any given moment day or night. The internet is allowing its users access to a wealth of information, all that in the privacy of their homes and at less cost. The â€Å"informed consumers† are getting more and more involved in every aspect of their care and they want to participate in â€Å"shared decision-making† (Sunday, 2000). Internet health information seeking can help patients be better informed, which can lead to better health outcomes, a better utilization of health service resources, and a strong er physician-patient relationship (Kassier 2000; Murray et al 2003). But, health information on the Internet may be misleading or misinterpreted, compromising health behaviors and health outcomes, or resulting in inappropriate requests for clinical interventions (Eysenbach, Kohler, 2002; Murray et al 2003). To access the full potential of internet as a source of health information, physicians need to recognize the potentials of this technology, while being mindful of possible dangers to patients’ health (Powell all, 2003). What is the trend? Worldwide about 4.5% of all internet are health related (Morahan-Martin, 2004). In less than a quarter of century, the internet users grew from 42% to 81% (Fox Rainie 2014). Seventy two percent of U.S. adult reported looking for health or medical information online for themselves or for others at least once in the previous 12 months (Fox Duggan 2013). The internet not only is a research tool for those seeking information regarding their condition, bit is also a tool diagnosis tool for those searching for answers online. Indeed the 2012 Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project health survey revealed that among the health seekers, 35% were â€Å"health diagnosers† meaning people looking to find answers for specific medical conditions online themselves or relatives might have (Fox Duggan, 2013). Across studies, the general observation was that higher education levels was strongly correlated to higher rates of Internet use for health but internet use was not a function of household income (Jansen Spink 2006). Most of the online health seekers (77%) start their search from general search engine like Google or through medical web sites (13%) proving some specific health information (Fox Duggan 2013). These results are somewhat inconsistent with a more targeted study by Dickerson, Reinhart, Feeley, Bidani, Rich, Garg Hershey (2004) accessing patients internet behavior in three urban primary care clinics were the majority of the patient (73%) reported starting their search on a medical website. Half of the inquiries are on behalf of a loved one which translates to 39% of the online health seekers population (Fox Duggan, 2013). Often women (64%) would report searching the net for health information than male (53%) even though they equally access the internet (Fox Duggan, 2013). Why health seekers like the Internet? Seekers of online information always cite tree main reasons for going online. First, the Internet allows them to seek information at any hour; second, they can get a wealth of information and; finally, they can access the information anonymously (Fox Rainie, 2000). Seekers of online health information are of two kinds: those with a diagnosed chronic condition and those without (Dickerson et al., 2004). According to studies, they tend to have a different approach toward online information seeking. Indeed, multiple studies revealed that people that perceive themselves as being unhealthy tend to be more proactive at seeking online information that will help them get a better understanding of their condition, or to seek for second opinion, or seek advance treatment of their ailment (Fox Rainie,2000; Dickerson et al., 2004) . Most users actually attributed their improve understanding of health issues to the use of internet and some even went further admitting internet has impacted how they manage their health care needs and their choice of a health care professional (Jansen Spink, 2006). The internet is a powerful education tool and a great support to consumer looking to get more involved in their health care and participate in share decision making. Internet improves users understanding of their chronic condition, treatments for their chronic condition, or other symptoms, conditions, or treatments, effects decisions about health or health care or on use of the health care system. Potential benefits of online health information Online health information has the potential of improving patients’ participation in some aspects of their care and their interaction with the care giver (Baker, Wagner, Singer, Bundorf, 2003). Most users go to health sites for research and reference purposes. Physicians and patient alike use the internet for health information-seeking and communication purposes. Physicians glean the internet to keep up with the latest innovation in their field. It is also a way to connect with colleagues from all other the world as there are no borders restrictions on the World Wide Web. Few use it to communicate with their caregivers or to buy medicine. Most health seekers have been able to get the information they need without revealing personal information. Anonymity is another great benefit offered by the internet. Anyone can go online and look for any symptom or condition without revealing it identity. For extremely shy people or for embarrassing health conditions, the internet is a good alternative to understanding or treating the condition without getting exposed. According to studies Many are using the Web to gather information on behalf of family and friends. Those who are in excellent health often seek online materials to help someone else; those who are in less-than-excellent health are more likely to be hunting for information for themselves (Fox Rainie, 2000). The 2012 Pew health survey reported that about half of the internet health quests are on behalf of a loved one (Fox Duggan, 2012). In addition, Internet has been proven helpful in assisting caregivers in their ability to provide care to cope and support for the person in their care (Fox, Duggan, Purcell 2013). A Pew internet health tracking survey from August to September 2012 revealed that 24% of caregivers (adults ages 18+) surf the net for reviews on prescription drugs, 30% got information , care, and support from people with the same condition, as much as 46% went online for diagnosis, and 72% gathered health information online (Fox, Duggan, Purcell 2013) In general, health seekers use the internet to seek information on present or immediate medical condition. It is important to note that in most cases, in person visit with a physician precedes the seeking of online health information. Often, a diagnosis following a doctor visit always urges patients to seek online information in order to better understand their condition. But then again, the decision on when to meet with the physician depends on who the patient is. In general, health seekers looking for information on behalf of a loved one will go online after a doctor’s visit, while health seekers looking for self will go online before the doctor’s visit, so that they can actively participate. The Pew health survey reports that 53% of â€Å"online diagnoses† reported their online findings to their physician and 41% had their diagnosis confirmed (Pew, 2012). Those results contradict a study by Diaz et al (2002) conducted on primary internal medical private practi ce patients who reported that nearly 60% of the patient did not discuss their findings with their physicians. Second opinion seeking health seekers use the internet to get a second opinion.(develop on this) Interactive and E-connecting- (use the article on cancer) there are countless number of online support groups for nearly every disease and condition, with infinite discussion topics (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). But just as important as the information exchanged in these e-discussions is the emotional support they provide. Being able to interact with others that can relate to the seeker situation is a coping mechanism. â€Å"My coping mechanism was to learn as much as I could about my cancer and my treatment, and the most convenient avenue for this was the Internet† said Karen Parles a cancer patient. Indeed, patients reported being less stressed about their disease once they are able to communicate with others in similar condition. Karen Parles a lung cancer patient sated â€Å"because of the sheer numbers of patients online, I was able to find others just like myself, and I no longer felt like the only 38- year-old nonsmoker on the planet with lung cancer.† This wealth of per sonal experience and support can be recorded for future reference of patients, clinicians, or health care planners (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). E-monitoring –mentioned the internet is a tool that can be utilized to monitor patients conditions (Forkner-Dunn 2003). Chronic conditions like diabetes, heart diseases, and obesity can specially benefit from e-monitoring. Internet can facilitate home management of medical condition via monitoring devices. For instance, monitoring device testing blood glucose level are widely popular among diabetic patients and these devices connected to the internet can transmit real time results to patients care giver. Patients can also monitor and transmit their weight via e-scale or access their heart or respiratory rate using e-shirt (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). Internet and physician-patient relationship A study accessing the impact of the internet on physician- patient relationship by Murray et al (2003) found that most physicians agree that patient bringing information to the visit was beneficial to the physician-patient relationship, but negatively affected time efficiency. Moreover it had no effect on health the quality of care or the health outcome. Health information on the Internet may make patients better informed, leading to better health outcomes, more appropriate use of health service resources, and a stronger physician-patient relationship (Murray et al. 2003). The internet can have a positive outcome on patients and be the best support they can expect when facing life threatening condition. According to a cancer patient in one study â€Å"The Internet has impacted my relationship with my oncologists and my surgeon in a very positive way. I would say that the information I learn on the Internet enables me to ask different questions, to affect the agenda, and to feel involved in my care. Online support that I receive from other patients often relieves anxiety and resolves minor issues that I would otherwise raise with my doctors†(Penson et al 2002). Negatives and obstacles of internet health information Privacy violations Health seekers are scared of what may happen to their information online. There is the fear of having their online activities exposed. Anonymity is one of the reasons people get online. To date this is no enforced policies preventing health websites from keeping tract on online users’ activities and selling those data without users’ content. The absence of enforced policies to guarantee a safe navigation and patients’ privacy renders the internet unsafe for the most concerned patients. Based on the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project telephone survey from July 11-14, of 1,002 adults ages 18 and older, 86% of internet users have tried to use the internet in ways to minimize the visibility of their digital footprints, 55% of internet users have taken steps to hide from specific people or organizations (Rainie et al 2013). Specifically 21% of internet users have had an email or social networking account compromised or taken over by some one else without permission. 13% of internet users have experienced trouble in a relationship between them and a family member or a friend because of something the user posted online.12% of internet users have been stalked or harassed online. 11% of internet users have had important personal information stolen such as their Social Security Number, credit card, or bank account information. 6% of internet users have been the victim of an online scam and lost money. 6% of internet users have had their reputation damaged because of something that happened online. 4% of internet users have been led into physical danger because of something that happened online. 1% of internet users have lost a job opportunity or educational opportunity because of something they posted online or someone posted about them (Rainie et al 2013). Inaccurate, incredible and difficult to evaluate – few studies to date have been able to access the credibility, and accuracy of online health information. One major problem encounter by health seekers is that most of the information online is too general and outdated (Fox Rainie, 2000, Rice 2006). Based on previous studies results, internet health seekers find it hard to find what there are searching online, or could not fully comprehend the information, or the information was overwhelming or unreadable (Zeng et al. 2004; Berland et al., 2001 ). Health seekers are equally divided when it come to the credibility of the information online (Fox Rainie, 2000). The most common problems mentioned were: no new information, information too general, confusing interface/organization, and too much information to process (Rice, 2006). Another obstacle to expansion of online health is inequality. The lack of necessary technology some part of the population is very problematic. Many senior, minority, and lower-income patients will be excluded if online forms of intervention were to be implemented nationwide for lack of access. Previous studies reported (who use the internet). There is a possibility that the expansion of this technology might prove to worsen inequality in the distribution and delivery of care rather than ameliorate it (DiMaggio, Hargittai 2001). Previous works have also pointed out wide variations in the quality of information available on the Internet. Inaccurate or poorly targeted information can to poor treatment choices. An excess of extraneous, irrelevant, or invalid information can burden health care providers and lead to the provision of efficiently care (Baker, Wagner, Singer, Bundorf, 2003). An assessment of 121 websites on five common health topics to evaluate their credibility reported that only 24% of the sites met more than two-thirds of the published health guidelines for that health topic (Rice, 2006). Berland et al. (2001)also reported that Internet health information has an inadequate coverage of important medical information. Destroy physician- patient relationship – the search of information online can lead to unrealistic expectations (Penson et al. 2002). Patients scattering the internet for information or alternative treatments, getting their hopes up only to have their physician reject it for cause of inaccuracy or irrelevancy may get frustrated put tensions into the patient-physician relationship. Murray et al. (2003) find a correlation between physician refusals to approve inappropriate requests, patients’ satisfaction, and a lower index of quality; particularly in managed care. Physicians sometime feel as patients armed with online information are challenging their authority. This reaction was strongly associated with harms to the physician-patient relationship, quality of care, health outcomes, and time efficiency (Murray et al. 2003). Recommendations Suggestions include kitemarks (seals of approval) for quality Web sites, codes of conduct for development and content of Web sites, market forces, directing users to trusted Web sites, filters, rating instruments for users, and public education in evaluating the quality of online information (Murray et al. 2003) Directing users to trusted web sites – providers can proactive in identifying the best internet health source to direct their patients. Suggested trustworthy organizations by Diaz et al. (2002) are the Health on the Net Foundation (www.HON.ch),the Internet Healthcare Coalition (www.ihealthcoalition.org),and Health Internet Ethics (www.hiethics.org). Past studies show that up to 35% of the internet users do not share their results with physician (Pew, 2014). The main raison being that physician did not ask or did not give the impression of wanting to get involved. Physicians can best assist patients by inquiring about internet usage and by helping in finding reliable source of medical information (Diaz et al. 2002). Provide accurate, credible, Reliable Information– web sites aiming at providing internet information should thrive to assure accuracy, credibility, and reliability. Health information provided to patients ought to be useful, up to date, and must provide a list of sources that support the reliability of the information. Privacy– HIPPA requirement for health organization using health IT should apply to health information web sites. Patients’ privacy should be respected and should not be shared without authorization. Conclusion All major changes always face resistance before people can warm up to the idea and then follow the acceptation phase. Like the introduction to telephone in health care more than a century ago, introduction of the internet as a form of health care delivery will take time before it can be viewed as a tool that add value to medical practice.

Rasputin Essay -- Essays Papers

Rasputin Rasputin had a significant impact on the royal family as well as Russia during the reign of Czar Nicholas II. Rasputin was a staret that worked his way into the royal family. The influence of Rasputin on Alexis, the heir to the throne, gave him great power. The power given to Rasputin had a notable impact among the Russian people as well as Russia. Grigory Efimovich, better known as Rasputin, was born in the town of Pokrovskoe in 1871. The name Rasputin means "dissolute," for his tireless pursuit of girls, and "crossroads," in which his town was located between. He had a dual reputation of "second sight" from the beginning. It was said that he could spot a horse thief in a crowd with one glance and predict the weather for farmers. This cast a religious glow of sanctity about him. These were all factors that led up to him presenting himself to the Imperial Palace in 1905. Besides gaining the friendship of Grand Duchess Militza and Anastasia, Rasputin also gained the trust of Anna Vyrubova, Empress Alexandra's trusted companion. It was under the recommendation of the Grand Duchesses and Anna Vyrubova that Rasputin was summoned to appear before Alexandra. He showed up in crude country boots and a caftan. They saw that Rasputin was a very dirty man. He had a long, uncut beard, greasy hair that was slicked back, and terrible oral hygeine which is shown in the 3rd picture. Alexandra favored him and was obsessed with the man's ability to heal so he became her servant...

The sun’s ray’s play on my face – Creative Writing

The sun's ray's play on my face, I manage to open my eyes and see the house bathed in a pool of light, making the old house's white walls glow. Between the walls, the windows with their mysterious sheen give the patina of age, reflecting the whole house. It has a rustic feel about it with a few pieces of outdoor furniture made by a skilled craftsman many years ago. It is an old white house with a red roof and a large porch from where lots of sunflowers in their vessel's smile at the sun. Looking through the windows made utterly impossible with the glorious morning's sunlight. The garden seems heavenly, with its extraordinary colours and vibrancy. The sun's rays reflect of the flowing water of the stream alongside the river, almost painful to look at if it weren't for its rare beauty. The aroma of flowers and various strange plants waft through the air creating a summer feel. In the painted pots, geraniums enchant my sight with a large palette of colours, creating a peaceful feeling. The sun is up in the blue sky, birds are singing on the trees and the air is filled with the fragrance of the flowers. The little pathway leading up to the house is very quaint with its meandering cobblestone formation, its tiny gate and the fences surrounding them. I glide my fingers over the front of the door, feeling every fine texture and ripple of the mature oak. I return to the house deep into the evening. The sun finally let way for the moon and in doing so has changed the sense of the house entirely. It's small gate and fences reassure me that it is the same house yet so much seems altered in some way. The bright sparkling blue stream running down the garden had become a dark mysterious crawling creature. The house is now purple with moonlight tainting the beautiful white that it previously was. The furniture's silhouettes show distorted figures watching over the garden. Furthermore, the sunflowers appear as scarecrows with their tall thin body and wide spanned leaves imitating the arms. The moonlight has jaded the house's rustic charm and made it an object of unsettling nature. The garden has also been distorted with its lack of colour and texture, everything seemingly taking a troublesome form in it's silhouette status. The once beatiful smeel of plants has now been frozen out by the chill of the air. The beams of sunlight have vanished, replaced with the dull smolder of the moon catching everything in its wake and not allowing even a fragment of colour to reach my eye. The bees and the birds have left and with that comes the sinister silence of the shadowy darkness. The dim snake that was the pathway curls and coils its way to the doorway where I had once stood, nonetheless the house seems unrecognisable without the colours, sounds and smells that once made it such a special place.

How and When Pregnancy Tests Work

How and When Pregnancy Tests Work Pregnancy tests rely on the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein that is secreted by the placenta shortly after fertilization. The placenta begins developing after the fertilized egg implants in a womans uterus, which happens about six days after conception, so the earliest these tests can be used to detect pregnancy is about six days post-conception. Wait to Take Test Fertilization does not necessarily take place the same day as intercourse, so most women are advised to wait until they miss their period before trying a pregnancy test. Levels of hCG double about every two days in a pregnant woman, so the test increases in reliability over time The tests work by binding the hCG hormone, from either blood or urine to an antibody and an indicator. The antibody will bind only to hCG; other hormones will not give a positive test result. The usual indicator is a pigment molecule, present in a line across a home pregnancy urine test. Highly sensitive tests could use a fluorescent or radioactive molecule attached to the antibody, but these methods are unnecessary for an over-the-counter diagnostic test. The tests available  over-the-counter versus those obtained those at the doctors office are the same. The primary difference is the decreased chance of user error by a trained technician. Blood tests are equally sensitive at any time. Urine tests tend to be most sensitive using urine from early morning, which tends to be more concentrated (meaning it would have the highest levels of hCG.) False Positives and Negatives Most medications, including birth control pills and antibiotics, do not affect the results of pregnancy tests. Alcohol and illegal drugs do not affect the test results either. The only drugs that can cause a false positive are those containing the pregnancy hormone hCG in them (usually used for treating infertility.) Some tissues in a non-pregnant woman can produce hCG, but the levels are normally too low to be within the detectable range of the tests. Also, about half of all conceptions dont proceed to pregnancy, so there may be chemical positives for a pregnancy that wont progress. For some urine tests, evaporation may form a line that could be interpreted as a positive. This is why tests have a time limit for examining the results. Its untrue that urine from a man will give a positive test result. Although the level of hCG rises over time for a pregnant woman, the quantity of hCG produced in one woman is different from the amount produced in another. This means some women may not have enough hCG in their urine or blood at six days post-conception to see a positive test result. All tests on the market should be sensitive enough to give a highly accurate result (~97%-99%) by the time a woman misses her period.

What to Do If You Know Someone Is Cheating in College

What to Do If You Know Someone Is Cheating in College Its inevitable that  no matter where you go to college there is undoubtedly someone cheating at your school. It could be a total shock when you find out or it could be absolutely no surprise at all. But what are your options and obligations if you learn that someone is cheating in college? Deciding what to do (or, as the case may be, what not to do) can take a lot of serious time and reflection or it might be a snap decision made easy by the situations circumstances. Either way, make sure youve considered the following when faced with a friend or fellow students cheating behavior. Your Obligations Under Your Schools Code of Conduct You might be a pretty conservative student who has never given your schools code of conduct or student handbook a second glance. At some institutions, however, you may be required to report when you know another student is cheating in college. If thats the case, then your decision to notify a professor, academic advisor or staff member (like the Dean of Students) about the cheating takes on a different tone. Are you willing to sacrifice your own success at your school because of someone elses poor choices? Or are you under no institutional obligation to let someone know about cheating you suspect or witnessed? Your Personal Feelings on the Subject Some students might be completely intolerant of others cheating; some might not care one way or the other. Regardless, theres really no right way to feel about cheating its just what feels right for you. Are you okay letting it slide? Or will it bother you on a personal level not to report it? Will it upset you more to report the cheating or not to report the cheating? How will it change your relationship with the person you suspect of cheating? Your Comfort Level With Reporting the Situation (or Not) Think, too, about how you would feel if you left the cheating and cheater alone. How does this compare with how you would feel if you  turned your friend or classmate in? Try to walk yourself through the rest of the semester. How would you feel if you never reported the cheating and watched this student sail through the rest of the term? How would you feel if you did report the cheating and then had to deal with being interviewed by staff or faculty? How would you feel if you confronted the cheater directly? Theres already some conflict between you and the cheater, even if its unspoken at this point. The question then becomes how you feel about addressing that conflict and with the consequences of doing so (or not!). The Impact of Reporting or Not Reporting If youre sharing a class with the suspected cheater and everyone is graded on a curve, your own academic performance and college success will be directly affected by this students dishonest actions. In other situations, however, you might not be affected at all. At some level, however, everyone will be affected, since a cheating student is gaining an unfair advantage over his or her fellow (and honest) students. How does the cheating have an impact on you on a personal, academic, and institutional level? Who You Can Talk to for More Advice or to File a Complaint If youre not sure what to do, you can always talk to someone anonymously or not reveal the name of your friend/classmate. You can find out what your options are for filing a complaint, what the process would be like, if your name would be given to the person who you suspect is cheating and any other consequences that might occur. This kind of information might actually encourage you to report cheating in college to a professor or administrator, so take advantage of the opportunity to have all your questions answered before making a decision one way or another. After all, if youre faced with the awkward situation of having someone you know engage in cheating behavior, you have the power to decide how best to resolve the situation in a way that makes you feel most comfortable.