A research proposal on sporting and its personal development Essay

The usual playing adds little value to an individual. Sport, however, helps in the development of athletic as well as the physical abilities. Sports involve team work which adds value to the social context of an individual, the way of relationship with team members and how one perceives himself. The presence of a coach in a game helps in the control of various lessons that sportsmen learn in the field of play. The coaches help in the examination of values, designing of activities considering various results as well as leading through examples. This work will address various types of development related to sports including â€Å"physical, intellectual, social, and emotional as well as moral capabilities† (Barez 2008). Problem statement Different people have different opinions on sports and sporting activities. However, it is well known that sports lead to development of certain positive qualities including self discipline, dedication and leadership skills through the competitive participation in various events. On the other, a number of people also argue that sports do not have a positive result on character development due to the win ego. In this case, the mentality for a must win leads to unethical behaviors including excessive cheating, aggressiveness and drug abuse. This makes the real value of sports very complex and worth a discussion topic on this paper. However, the pros outdo the cons and the paper will discuss on sports as a development activity. Sports help in the physical development through balancing the mind, body as well as the spirit (Holt 2008). Literature review  In the early childhood as Bares (2008) states, sporting which is mostly in form of play helps in learning skills including running and jumping as well as balancing. This also helps in gaining and development of social, emotional, moral and cognitive competencies. This helps the children to learn the rights and the wrongs. As a result this develops the individual creativity in addition to the physical development (Bares 2008). In this case, winning is not the major factor but the child engages in sporting activities for fun, enjoyment and normal participation. In this case, success is contributed through fun and creativity. The participation in various roles under different games helps in stimulation of the child creativity and imagination. The children are in a position of exploring as well as interacting with the environment. This is in addition to testing their motor skills, interaction and solving of problem individually (Holt 2008). In the middle childhood, sporting becomes a regular activity for children. Sporting helps in development of confidence in various areas including â€Å"social, emotional, mental and physical aspects. † This helps them in mastering and neglecting the negative influences. Sporting at this level also help in cooperation and competition that are constructive. In addition, it works in the independence in solving conflicts and being responsible (Murphy 2005). During the early adolescent stage, the children experience various body developments and this could be coupled with emotional stress and instability. Sporting helps the teenagers to control their emotions and making of responsible choices. During sporting activities, the exchange of information helps in development of communication skills which helps them in expression and solving of problems (Barez 2008). Sporting helps in literal interpretation and respect where one learns to adhere to various rules. There is a schedule that must be followed for exercising and this works in building of responsibility where one should also be committed and able to persevere. During various competitions, sporting helps the teenagers to develop self control as well as respecting others where one is able to accept wins with humility as well as losing. Teammates are supportive and this with various other traits goes beyond the field to the individual ways of living (Murphy 2005). In the late adolescent, according to Barez (2008), sporting plays a major role where teenagers are involved in various decisions making including â€Å"personal relationships, higher education, vocational training and career activities. Various hardships like â€Å"unemployment, financial strains, career confusion, unsatisfactory work experiences and lack of family support† among others pose a great threat to individual life. Sporting helps in provision of increased levels of self esteem, perseverance and self discipline. Sporting helps in supporting self competence and independence. However, sporting in itself is also a career and work as source of income. Through sporting one establishes his personal goals as well as career objectives (Barez 2008). Conclusion  Sporting is a major part of personal life which helps in achievement of high life standards and expectations. First, sporting acts as a motivational tool which works in encouragement and development of effective learning methods. It helps one to have specific life goals and objectives by focusing on training goals which calls for self discipline and responsibility. One is able to work without supervision with consistency which calls for commitment for performance. One is able to undergo great perseverance and can approach problems with confidence.

Youth and Politics

Madhu Babu. K, Contact me in 08105837859, Youth And Politics Youth are young generation of the country. They play a vital role in the development of country. A famous writer Sri Sri(Srirangam Srinivas)said that â€Å"Our country is not in the hands of lazy and corrupted old politicians,this country is ours i. e youth†. A country with good political government is said to be developed country. But politicians are misbehaving. They are mainly focussing on earning profits and neglecting development of people as welll as country. Everyone is telling that â€Å"Politics is corrupted. But politics is not corrupted. Politicians are corrupted†. Earlier common people are afraid of policemen. But now policemen are afraid of politicians. We want politicians like Shyam Prasad Mukherjee,Dr. B. R. Ambedkar,Abdul Kalam,lal Bahdur Shastry,Kamraj Nadar,Prakasam Panthulu etc. to eliminate corruption and also for development of country. Generally people used to tell â€Å"Youth is spoiled. But spoiled is Politics†. Youth should join hands to enter politics to protect our country from old orrupting politicians. Youth have the capacity to do anything. Youth should be encouraged to enter politics. This is possible only by educational institutions. A compulsoy subject about politics should be introduced in colleges to create a desire among young generation to enter politics. In olden days a child from every famil y will join military army to protect their kingdom. Similarly a student from each educational institution should enter politics to protect and develop our country. Ther are colleges for Engineering,Medicine,Management etc. Why can’t we have a college for politics? Everyone is telling that Educatin gives knowledge. Politics with knowledgabie youth will lead to development of the country. But youth are applying their knowledge in other fields. Every student/youth is telling that they will become Engineer or Doctor. But no one is telling that â€Å"they will become POLITICIAN†. Though our country is said to be Democratic,it is in the hands of politicians and their families. The system of giving political seata to his/her relatives or family if he/she(politician) is dead should be changed. Some politicians are using Youth for illegal activities. So youth should be aware about them. Because of those politicians youth are also getting corrupted. For a stable government Youth should enter politics. Youth should not mingle with corrupted politicians. By giving opportunities to youth new ideas can be generated and better solutions can be obtained for complex problems. There is retirement for every job. But politicians are not following retirement. Hence a slight modification must be made in our constitution that â€Å"Any politician who are above 65 years must be retired from his position† Though politicians with more age have experience and take better decisions the position should be given to his subordinates based on the experience after retirement of his/her post. Youth are voting at age of 18. Why can’t they show interest to enter politics by age 21? Youth should be given chance by all political parties to enter politics. A certain reservation in politics should be given compulsorily to youth in politics. Not only youth alone can develop country. But youth with some experienced Politicians will be helpful to develop country. Let us remember the words of Sri Rabindranath Tagore. He wrote in â€Å"Gtanjali† that he wants to see our country â€Å"as heaven where there is no ego hurtings,one person will not steal others,every person is happy and live happily†. To make our country â€Å"Sujalm,Suphalam,Matharam†Youth should enter Politics.

Area of Study †The Outsider Essay

How have the texts encountered in your studies enriched your understanding of The Outsider? â€Å"You don’t get to 500 million friends without making a few enemies. † An outsider is interpreted as someone who separates themselves from the rest of the society, intentionally or unintentionally. Sometimes, it is this outsider’s insecurities or physical appearance that contributes to this factor of their ‘isolation’. The play Othello by William Shakespeare and the 2010 film The Social Network directed by David Fincher are conclusive in portraying and analysing a significant outsider or group of outsiders through literary and cinematic devices, which enrich my understanding of this concept, later used to my benefit, demonstrated through my visual representation. Written by the famous English playwright William Shakespeare circa 1603, Othello explores the idea of ‘The Outsider’ through the two significant notions that enriched my understanding – insecurities and physical appearances, both of which are used to advantage and disadvantage the characters in the play. Othello is immediately introduced as the titular black general and the Moor of Venice, who has overcome racial prejudice to hold a renowned position in society and a marriage to a beautiful young woman, Desdemona, the senator’s daughter. The metaphor in the line, â€Å"†¦ an old black ram is tupping at your white ewe†¦ † indicates a sense of hostility that the other members of society have against Othello, using physical appearance and racist slurs to downplay the general, the majority of these comments being made by Iago, Othello’s advisor. Iago could be seen as an outsider in the play, but uses this characteristic to his advantage, being desperate for power and authority; he raises Othello’s suspicions about his wife’s fidelity. Iago is also known for foreshadowing events, as seen in the personification used in the line, â€Å"O beware, my lord, of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on†¦ † indicative of Othello’s future actions in the play. Othello, oblivious to Iago’s exploitations, undermines himself- an insecurity- seen in the pitiful tone, â€Å"Haply for I am black, and have not those soft parts of conversation that chamberers have†¦ † evident of his lack of self worth and vulnerability to issues relevant to his colour or race, enhancing my comprehension of The Outsider. The 2010 American film The Social Network- written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by David Fincher, strongly delves into the concept and deepens my understanding of the Outsider from the beginning. The protagonist, Mark Zuckerberg, like Othello, is instantly presented as a character who does not wish to interact with society directly and uses social networking to express his opinions, thereby the invention of Facebook. The lighting throughout the movie is an example of the many cinematic devices that are effective in demonstrating the different societal groups. As an individual, the dim lighting on Mark, in contrast to the bright lighting on the others in his group is indicative of Mark being an outsider, even within his own group. Also, the repetition of the word ‘asshole’ in several situations in the film is suggestive of how similar Mark’s character is to Othello’s – he allows himself to be looked down on. Erica Albright, Mark’s ex- girlfriend says at the start of the film, â€Å"†¦It’ll be because you’re an asshole,† and this is contrasted when Marilyn Derpy, the psychiatric nurse has her final statement at the end of the film, â€Å"You’re not an asshole, Mark. You’re just trying so hard to be. † Albright’s vindictive tone is representative of how an outsider can be portrayed when he or she is put down by others, further supported by Derpy’s somewhat sympathetic yet wary tone. Mark’s tolerance of being exploited further enhances my knowledge of the concept of the Outsider, especially through the characters that manipulate him the most – the biggest of these being Sean Parker, the founder of Napster and the first president of Facebook. Sean’s character is much similar to Iago’s, as he is as much as an outsider as he is an insider. The repetition of ‘cool’ as Sean defiantly says to Mark, â€Å"A million dollars isn’t cool. You know what’s cool? A billion dollars,† shows how using such simple socially acceptable terms can influence a person’s decisions, especially characters like Mark, whose insecurities play a massive role in creating the atmosphere of ‘The Outsider’. My visual representation is an amalgamation of the perceptions of the Outsider that I derived from analysis of Othello and The Social Network. Using the same template as the given image, I drew the figure and his surroundings on the inside of the room in black and white, also giving prominence to the central figure, outlining ‘him’ in a darker colour in contrast to the chair he is sitting on. The personage is looking outside, into a colourful world, of which I have used many different colours to show the difference between the inside world and the outside world. As in Othello, colour plays a major role in distinguishing between outsiders and insiders. Using colour, I represented the character to be the salient black and white figure in a black and white environment, but this is merely the ‘inside world’. I have chosen the persona’s gaze to lead the viewer to focus on the colourful outside world, demonstrating the differences between the inside world and the outside world. The individual is recognised as an outsider, not only in his own micro world, but in his larger macro world. Therefore, the conceptualisation of ‘The Outsider’ has been enforced through cinematic and literary devices used in the texts Othello by William Shakespeare, through the notions of colour and physical appearances and The Social Network directed by David Fincher, which reiterates how manipulation and downplay of colour and physical appearances can lead to being in a solitary state as an individual. My visual representation incorporates these ideas into a single ideology, evidence of how these texts have enriched my understanding of ‘The Outsider’.

Negotiation in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Negotiation in Management - Essay Example Respecting the negotiation process: one should learn about all the aspects of the negotiation and respect the rules of the process. Lack of respect for negotiation process often lead to break down of negotiation processes. Pursue commonalities: one should look for aspects of the negotiation in which both parties have common interest. Finding common interest will keep both parties to the negotiation bonded as they seek for a win-win outcome. Know when to quit the negotiation: One should set tolerance limit upon which he or she quits the negotiations if the tolerance level is reached. If the negotiations direction seems to be going beyond the limits, one should quit the negotiation. Alternative: this is where a party to the negotiation lowers his or her expectation after establishing that it will not adversely affect negotiation objectives. For example, when a person accepts to a lower price provided the other party will incur the cost of delivering the goods to the warehouse. Ultimatum or else: this technique is used to compel the other negotiation party to make their final decision on an offer. If the other party fails to make a response, the offering party quits the negotiation. Study 2: was a study on Carnegie Mellon Master’s degree graduates’ initial salaries. Men had higher initial salaries compared to their female counterparts. More males than females negotiated their salaries. Bargaining: this involves extensive display of negotiation styles and tactics as each party seeks to establish an advantageous position. It involves focusing on interests of all parties, recognizing personal triggers, and play towards achieving a win-win

Affirmative Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Affirmative Action - Research Paper Example During half a century, affirmative action policies have proved their effectiveness, but cannot â€Å"abolish† gender and racial inequalities. For this reason, training and promotion activities as a part of affirmative action are vital for successful organizational performance. To over come these possible threats the organization should conduct programming of specific human resources activities, based on personal development and human capital policies (Baqley and Connerty n.d.). The organization under analysis is Wal-Mart. This is a giant supermarket operating around the world. In this organization, affirmative action has stigmatized the white men. Perhaps the least responsible of any harm to ethnic groups and gender differences in employment is the young white men frequently a democrat who has been obligatory to punish because of past injustice. â€Å"The idea that our deep moral obligations are to do things to help disadvantaged people of any sort, and not to give preferential treatment to any racial group, is one that strikes a chord in many people† (Stroud 385). Also, affirmative action helps to break stereotypes of black people and minority groups as lazy and low qualified professionals. This research paper seeks to examine the role and importance of affirmative action in modern organizations and their impact on employees and organizational culture (Anderson et al 77). Modern organizations, like Wal-Mart, play a major and continuing role in the lives of employees, especially with the growth of large-scale business organizations and the divorce of own ­ership from management. Organizations of one form or another are a necessary part of a society and serve many impor ­tant needs. The decisions and affirmative actions of management in organizations have an increasing impact on employees, other organizations and the community. It is important, therefore, to understand the role of affirmative action and the

Logistics Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logistics Policy - Research Paper Example rategic design of structures and policies, as well as decision making dwelling on material and information flows, fashioned at supporting and enhancing competitive advantage (Waters, 2003). Strategic decisions hinge on aspects such as warehouses, distribution centres, as well as transportation modes to be employed. The logistics industry has undergone massive changes in recent decades, especially in areas of integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, packaging, material handling, and security; it is no longer home-based and functions in a global market. The North America Free Trade Agreement involves U.S., Canada, and Mexico, and entails harmonization of the members’ logistics policies and procedures, as well as making logistics systems interoperable. The size of U.S. economy and its geographical location have motivated the United States in taking a factual leadership position in matters regarding facilitation of intermodal logistics and transport within the region, inclusive of cross-border facilitation. The move towards a unified and interconnected modal system has been critical in the growth of logistics systems. Benefits arising from an integrated intermodal system include lower transport costs, lower environmental impact, enhanced national productivity, and efficiency. Intermodal transport and logistics is mainly driven by the industry via its search for the low cost solutions. Other factors playing a part include market deregulation and competition between shippers and carriers, which lead to a reduction in transport-related transaction costs for business (Murphy & Wood, 2010). The global sourcing of parts, goods and services, and raw materials has heightened the importance of logistic networks. Besides, trends towards internationalization and innovation have enhanced the need for organizations to be more alert and receptive to the contextual changes. The evolving trends in the creation of an international logistics hub demands

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Business Ethics - Essay Example Thus, it is expected that the modern business will work for achieving growth and success for both the individual company and their communities (Business Ethics). The social and environmental thinking of business not only encompass a legal duty but also the long-term success of the business. Argument Businesses are operated within the society using the resources from and depending on the society for the proper functioning of the business operations. Therefore attending to the welfare of the society is an obligation or a responsibility on the part of the business organizations. Thus, the social responsibility of business forbids businesspersons in adopting unfair policies that may maximize the profit of the business but harm the interest of the society. Welfare activities on the part of the business organization gain benevolence and reputation. Business carrying out their duties properly can avoid government regulations. The employees are more satisfied if a good working environment is provided with some additional facilities. This in turn increases their productivity and hence facilitates the business. Last but not the least, providing quality products to the consumers at competitive prices is also necessary in the days of increasing consumer awareness about their rights. The integral development of human being is related with the obligations that may arise because of the relationship of man with the environment. Business or the material environment has been taking its toll on the environment and questioning the sustainability of future generations with the increasing pollution, new illnesses and its destructive capacity. If these are not immediately controlled then it may create immense problem for the entire human class. The problems of the ecological and environmental crisis cannot be looked upon distinctly from the notions of development. The obligations of the business towards the environment include consideration of the environment in the decision-making p rocesses and thereafter supervise the activities. There are obligations including monitoring of proper discharge of water. Proper insurance should be done against environmental damage. The environmental taxes and the charges should be paid properly. The land that is being used for the construction purpose should follow proper planning norms and the environmental legislation unit of the country should approve the product. According to the definition of sustainable development, a development is said to be sustainable if the present generation can provide the future generations with at least the same benefits that it inherited from the past generation if not more. However, if the environmental degradation continues then the future generation will not be left also with their basic requirements for a proper living. Since the natural resources are scarce, the use of those resources by the business organizations in their production should be limited and handed in a proper manner to reduce misutilization. Negligence or refusal on the part of a few people in handling the stewardship of the environment in a responsible manner may invite the larger population to experience ‘increased hardship’. The creation of the God is for all human beings and generations and hence needed to be shared equally by the humanity as a whole. The supplies of certain natural resources

What are the most convincing models that account for the way citizens Essay

What are the most convincing models that account for the way citizens make electoral choices in Britain today - Essay Example Individuals within the age bracket of 18-24 were the most inactive in the election process. This is an indication that political respondents for people who are below 25 is generally low negative and is an indication that the young adults in Britain have low interest in political processes. The ambiguous aspect of civil engagements has been attributed to behavioral and attitudinal orientations on political matters. These are significant in trying to understand the likely prospects of political engagements as the relation of a person and the power of influence is significant in this situation. In essence, the social correlation and trust between members of parliament and citizens is becoming slim as it is said that the society in which humanity thrive today has become more cynical because of the high level of influence and media reliability. The general populations have also been worried on the lost trust between the citizens and their MPs. The lost trust is attributed to the variation in moral values. The voter turnout during the 2001 general elections was the lowest in Britain. The purpose of this paper is to present theoretical explanations on political participation and analyzes literature on the determinants of political participation in Britain. It is interesting that despite many people in Britain having fought hard for voting rights, there are still many who do not want to vote. There are many reasons, which could be attributed to this; lack of political consciousness, while others do not even care to vote despite being politically conscious. There are those who fill that lining up for some hours without any â€Å"meaningful gain† would be a waste of time for them, and that they could have taken that time to do other â€Å"useful things†. Additionally, there are also those people who have completely lost trust on political leaders and think that their votes will make no difference since they are

IENG377 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IENG377 - Essay Example enable an additive process to occur, which makes sure that the powder forms are built to form a larger solid thing, which is in accordance to the preferences of the customer (McGrew 1). The water jet cutters will use super-duper high pressure water jets in the process of cutting the material for the printing in a perfect manner. Such ensures that the cutting process is effective and clean. However, in developing the products, the company has to identify a unique product, which is not been produced by the other companies. Such will create a competitive strength for the company in terms of selling the products in the market. Moreover, the finishing of the company product will be unique to create brand of the product and identity of the company in the market of these products. The 3D printers will enable the company to make molds of different sizes and forms. Such includes prototypes of buildings and sculptures, based on client requirements. For example, the printers will make the brackets, structural members of a building, furniture and sculptures. These products will be complex than what other companies are making in the market. The flow water jet cutters will aid in the cutting process of these products to ensure that they are within the size requirement for the printing process. The printing will occur in the following materials, ABS, PVC, PLA, Polyethylene and Polypropylene. Such printing occurs for 1mm course in case of the large objects to 0.35mm fineness based on the specification and the requirements of the customer. A typical example product for the company is robotic prosthetic, which is marketable in the field of medicine. Another example is micro-laptops, which will compete with other companies, which are making laptops, such as Samsung, HP, Acer and Dell among others. The manufacturing process of these products will focus on utilizing high level of technology in order to achieve success in the competitive market environment. Other companies are making

Discuss Christian Views on Contraception, Marriage and Divorce Essay Example for Free

Discuss Christian Views on Contraception, Marriage and Divorce Essay Explain Christian beliefs about contraception (6) Christians believe that God created humans and that humans should ‘grow in population’ and so therefore they should reproduce naturally and grow in numbers. The Roman Catholic church believes that contraception is immoral and wrong since they regard it as artificial and unnatural since it prevents new life and this is not what God intended humans to do. God wants use to be ‘fruitful and increase in number’ they believe that sex should not carried out with no intention to create new life. Christians believe that God made most humans fertile since God has destined for use to create new life; God has planned our life even before we were born and so some Christians believe we should not interfere with God’s plan by using artificial means. The Catholic Church believes the use of contraception is sinful. Yet in today’s society, some Catholics believe that it is important to believe in our conscience and so contraception may be acceptable. This is particularly the case, were The Church of England are not against the use of contraception as it allows a couple to think about when to actually have a child and so contraception results in the child actually being wanted and loved since we should ‘love thy neighbour’. Both churches agree that contraception is acceptable if it protects the health of the couple, i.e. it stops the prevention of HIV/AIDS and so in these circumstances contraception is acceptable. 1. Explain how a Christian marriage ceremony might guide a couple in their married life (6) Christians believe a Christian marriage has vows in front of God, therefore the fact that God is a part of the ceremony the vows are extremely important since the husband and wife promise to be with one another ‘in sickness and health’ therefore these vows brings the couple closer in relationships and they can support one another since ‘It will make a helper suitable for him’ therefore the ceremony Is an act to express their love for one another and the promises that they are willing to follow. The ceremony may guide the couple in life since once they are married the ‘two will become one flesh this shows that they will equally live amongst each other and they have equal values and they should and care for each other. Prayers are held in the wedding to ask for God’s blessings therefore this leads couples into a moral way of life. The exchanging of rings is symbolic of the commitment that they have for one another and that they will always support one another in their married life. 1. ‘God would never approve of civil partnerships.’ Discuss this statement. (12) Many Christians have different opinions about civil partnerships and whether God would approve it or not. Some Christians would argue that all people should be treated the same no matter who they fall in love with, the Bible teaches that equality is very important ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ and so civil partnerships should not be judged as immoral. The Bible teaches that God loves all people since it is his creation as God made ‘man in the image of God’ and so God will still love those in a civil partnership as the Bible teaches that God treats them equally. Some Christians would also argue that God created love ‘brought her to the man’ and so if God didn’t approve of civil partnerships God would not allow people to express their love. Some Christians believe that same-sex couples should have the same freedom to marry that other couples have since they should be treated equally and God welcomes his people with love and compassion. The Bible clearly shows that God not judge others and in fact, teaches to ‘love thy neighbour’. On the other Hand The Roman Catholic Church and Church of England is against Civil partnerships as they believe it is immoral and goes against God intention to grow in numbers and ‘multiply’ the fact that new life can be created from a male and a female partnership is acceptable however a couple with the same sex cannot create new life and so goes against God ‘man lies with a man†¦detestable’ The Church believes that God gave women and men separate roles in the family- the women should care for the children at home and so therefore a couple with the same sex would result in the child not being cared for in the correct way as intended by God- therefore to some extent God may go not approve civil partnerships. Overall I believe that God would not approve of Civil marriages but may accept that they occur in today’s society, the fact that God loves all his people no matter what race, sex or appearance- this shows God treats everyone equally . God gave humans their own conscience and so to some extent it is humans’ choice as to who they fall in love with and so I believe God may accept civil partnerships. Describe Christian beliefs about Divorce (6) Christians belief a marriage is a life time commitment amongst a couple. However there are different views about divorce. The Roman Catholic Church believes that divorce is immoral since during the couple’s marriage ceremony they have said vows to one another in front of God, the fact that they have promised to God that they will live together ‘in sickness and health’ shows that these promises cannot be broken, and if so, it is immoral ‘A man..be united with his wife.’. These Christians believe divorce is indissoluble. The Church believes the legal agreement is broken between a marriages but the holy agreement is not. But, the church understands that divorce can be painful and so the couple should be supported by community. Yet, the couple should try and work together to restore the marriage. Catholics sometimes annul marriages so they discount the vows made and in these cases it is acceptable. The Church of England does recognise that divorces may occur and so they should be cared for and supported by others, the church believes it has a duty to support the couple in times which are hard. The church believes it is important to try and restore the marriage in order to retain happiness and joy in society since the marriage ‘two will become one flesh’. If a divorcee wants to remarry, it is up to the vicar to agree to the marriage or not. ‘Women should always obey their husbands’ Discuss the statement. (12) To some extent, one would argue this statement is outdated since women’s roles are becoming just as important as men’s and the increase in emancipation of women shows that both men and women are treated equality. This is also shown in the Bible, as God mentions there are ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ therefore God loves and cares for women and mean just as much. And so women should not look up to men and be treated differently according to the Bible. The Bible teaches that both roles of women and men are just as important and they rely on one another to live a stable lifestyle and so this equality shows that women should not obey men. In fact the Bible teaches that all humans, including women, are given a conscience and they can choose right from wrong and so therefore women can choose whether to obey their husband or not as they have a free conscience. However, women should obey men to some extend as the man is regarded as the leader of the household and so needs respect and obedience in order to show man’s role in a household. The Bible teaches that that women should ‘submit to your husbands’

Himalayan Musk Deer: Ecology and Conservation

Himalayan Musk Deer: Ecology and Conservation The Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is one of the endangered deer species of Nepal found in the sub-alpine and alpine vegetation of the Himalayan region. Poaching and natural predation along with human induced habitat alteration are the main reason for declining musk deer population. Due to this vulnerability, it is in the list of protected species in Nepal. However its population is still in critical stage and knowledge on distribution, status and conservation threats for this species is crucial. This paper aims at identifying the distribution over protected areas of Nepal and the potential conservation threats prevalent in those areas. In order to mitigate these threats, ex situ conservation, in situ conservation and strict ban on the trade of this species should be imposed. Besides, conservation awareness programs about musk deer should be carried out among the local people living nearby the protected areas. Eventually, there should be focus on identifying conservation strategies and priorities areas for musk deer within the protected areas. Key words: Awareness, habitat, endangered, protected areas, poaching, Nepal Introduction Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is found in the birch and rhododendron coniferous forests of the Himalayan region of Nepal (Kattel, 1992), belongs to Moschidae family (Brooke, 1878, Flerov, 1952, Groves and Grubb, 1987, Whitehead, 1972) though they were initially placed in Cervidae family (Aryal et al., 2010, Flower, 1875, Zhau et al., 2004). It possesses well developed canines and lacks cranial appendages (Flower, 1875, Scott and Janis, 1987, Webb and Taylor, 1980). It is of dark brown color and its body is covered over with coarse and brittle hairs (Green, 1985). Female is slightly larger than males both in mean body mass and length (Kattel, 1992). It is hornless and without facial glands and unlike other deer, it possesses a gall bladder, a caudal gland and a musk gland (Aryal et al., 2010, Prater, 1993). It is a very shy, solitary and territorial animal and crepuscular in habit i.e. active at dusk and dawn (Green, 1986, Green and Kattel, 1997). At night, it can be seen in the open areas of their habitat as they graze while during the day, they remain in dense cover. The Himalayan musk deer does not undertake any seasonal migration, remaining in the same area year around despite harsh weather condition (Kattel, 1992). Musk deer feed on herbaceous and woody plants, leaves, flowers, twigs, lichens, moss, shoots and grass. In the winter, arboreal lichens and some terrestrial bushy lichens make up about 70% of musk deers diet where as herbaceous plants are the main diet in the summer ( Green and Kattel, 1992, MacDonald, 1995). They are true concentrate selectors (Kattel, 1992). Musk deer inhabit steep, forested or shrub-covered slopes, mainly in the sub-alpine zones of mountain regions. Dense undergrowth of rhododendron, bamboo and other shrubs form the typical habitat ( Bannikov et. al, 1978, Green, 1987a). Use of the habitat depends upon the availability of cover; food and other factors (Aryal, 2005). They prefer to inhabit rocky outcrops in order to dodge predators. It has been commercially exploited by poachers for centuries for its valuable musk pod, which is usually excised after killing the deer (CITES, 2002, Zhau et al., 2004). On the other hand, human population growth is leading to deforesta tion and reduction of musk deer habitat (Eckholm, 1975). Very few studies have been done in this deer species. In addition, it is under lower risk (near threatened) status of IUCN Red List of threatened species; appendix I of Convention on International Trade of Endangered flora and fauna (CITES) and protected species of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, Nepal (HMG/Nepal 2002). The purpose of this paper is to present information about the distribution of the Himalayan musk deer and assess the conservation threats in the Nepal and potential conservation strategies that can be employed to mitigate these threats. Distribution Musk deer (Moschus spps) are distributed throughout the forest and mountainous parts of Asia from north of the Arctic circle southward to the northern edge of Mongolia and to Korea. Further south, avoiding the Gobi desert, the musk deer occurs in China, Burma, Northern India, Northern Vietnam and the Himalayan region (Flerov, 1952, Green, 1986, Yang et al., 2003). In central Asia, musk deer occur in Kazakhstan, possibly in Kyrgyztan and the south of Russia (Dao, 1977, Flerov, 1952, Green, 1986 and Whitehead, 1972). Out of 5 musk deer spp, himalayan musk deer (moschus chrysogaster) are endemic to Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan (Khan et al., 2006). They occur in the Himalayan region at an altitude of 2400 to 4300 m in Nepal (Shrestha, 1998). Musk deer are commonly found in Bajhang, Doti, simikot, Markhor lake, Dhorpatan and Langtang in west and central region of Nepal while they are occurred in Jatapokhari, Taplejung, Chipuwa, Arun and Wallangchung gola of east ern Nepal. Their habitat is better protected in the upper Langtang valley, vicinity of Thyangboche monastery in Khumbu and upper Budi Gandaki than other parts of Nepal (Aryal, 2006). The numbers of the musk deer are increasing significantly within protected areas while outside the protected areas they are declining incessantly. It is estimated that Sagarmatha national park has of 600-800 animals with upto 45 per km2. Similarly, there is an estimate of 500 animals in Langtang National Park, 20 in Rara national park and above 1000 in Shey-phoksundo National park (Kattel, 1990, Wemmer, 1998). Musk deer are found in 9 protected areas of Nepal viz. Rara National Park, Makalu Barun National Park, Sagarmatha National Park, Shey-Phoksundo National Park, Khaptad National Park, Langtang National Park, Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, Manasalu conservation area and Annapurna Conservation Area (Aryal, 2005, HMG/Nepal, 2002). Besides, they are occurred in Dhorpatan hunting reserve (IUCN, 1993). Conservation threats Environmental degradation has reached unprecedented levels in the Himalayan region of Nepal. Population growth has forced the people of Himalayan region to exploit forest resource to fulfill their forest basic needs such as fuel wood, timber, fodder. An unsustainable harvesting practices in Himalaya region lead to the subalpine and alpine vegetation in degradable condition (Echolm, 1975). Nepal forest Inventory indicates that since 1978 forest cover has declined at a rate of 1.7 percent per annum and the total woody vegetation (forest and shrub) cover has decreased at an average annual rate of about 0.5% (FAO, 1999). These activities have urged the degradation of wildlife habitat which ultimately contribute in the reduction of musk deer population. In addition, owing to socio-economic and political conditions, musk deer population arent being afforded safe sanctuary even in remote areas because of tribesmens poaching and hunting for their live hood subsistence (Jackson, 1979). Poaching Traditional hunting methods have been practiced in the some of the mountainous parts of western Nepal (Jackson, 1979). Although meat and hide are not considered good, Musk deer have been hunting by humans for thousands of years (Hepther and Naumov, 1961). The principal reason for the intense hunting of musk deer has always been the demand for musk. In Russia, hunting and poaching are considered the prime causes for the reduction of musk deer population (Green, 1986, Jackson, 1979, Prikhodko, 1997, Wemmer, 1998). Populations of musk deer are declining in nearly all countries where they occur due to poaching. This decline is thought to be particularly dramatic in Russia and china. (CITES 2002). The musk deer populations of Russia were brought to the brink of extinction through over-hunting in the early twentieth century (Homes, 1999). Simultaneously, population of musk deer is declining due to poaching in Nepal, it has been estimated that for every male deer that yields one musk pod, f our deer are killed (Green 1986, HMG/Nepal 2002). The research conducted in 2006 by Rajchal showed that the most of illegal activities approximately 64% were happening for poaching musk deer. Snares is the most commonly used hunting technique by the poachers to kill the musk deer which not only killed the male deer but also the cause the death of juvenile, female and other wildlife species (Rajchal, 2006). Habitat Destruction Habitat destruction, due to increasing human and livestock populations in Nepal, limited the distribution of musk deer to smaller and fragmented area. As result, population of musk deer has reduced considerably (Green, 1986). Musk deer habitat is converted for settlements, agriculture and other types of landuse (Homes, 1999). The habitats of musk deer in the subalpine region of the Himalayas are increasingly used for harvesting firewood and as pasture land (Harris, 1999). Expanding pastoralism affected musk deer indirectly through predation and harassment by domestic dogs (Green, 1986, Harris, 1991). Besides, this causes the loss of the understorey of vegetation which is of particular importance to musk deer for food and shelter against predators (Home, 1999). Habitat loss is also mentioned as a factor threatening musk deer in the Russian Far East where intensive timber harvest and the frequent burning of forests are destroying their habitats (Prikhodko, 1997 and WWF Deutschland ,199 8).One of the studies carried out in Sagarmatha national park, Nepal in 2005 by Aryal revealed that musk deer habitat has reduced considerably as local people are highly dependent on forest for fodder, fuel wood and timber. In order to fulfill their needs, they have been deforesting forest resource. In addition, fire and other anthropogenic activities also altered the potential musk deer habitat into vulnerable condition (Aryal 2005). Predation Musk deer have a number of natural predators. They are generally predated by Leopard (Panthera pardus), Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Lynx (Felis lynx), Wolf (Canis lupus) and Wild dog (Cuon alpinus) (Green 1987a, Shrestha 1981, Kozhechkin 1994 and Zhinvotshenko 1988). Besides, the youngs are attached by large birds of prey ( Green 1987a, Kozhechkin 1994 and Zhivotschenko 1998). Predators dont however have a significant impact on the size of the musk deer population. In the region of Altai and Eastern Sayans in Russia, musk deer form upto 50% of the diet of the yellow throated marten but nevertheless, the martens in these region remove only about 8-12% of the overall population of musk deer (Bannikov et al. 1978 and Phrikhodkko 1997). One of the studies carried out by Aryal in Annapurna conservation area showed that yellow threatened marten is the prime predator of juvenile musk deer which killed 15 juvenile musk deer during the period of 2001 to 20 04 (Aryal 2006). Grazing Due to high seasonality and low primary productivity, the himalayan region supports relatively low ungulate/herbivore biomass. It is therefore obvious that with the increase in the biomass of domestic livestock in the areas, musk deer have suffered from competitive exclusion (Aryal 2006). Sathyakumar et al. 1993, have reported that increased livestock grazing and associated impacts have led to low musk deer densities in many areas in Kedarnath wildlife sanctuary, India. Rajchal 2006 have depicted that local people of Sagarmatha national park graze their livestock haphazardly. Domestic animals enter the forest to compete for shrubs and undergrowth with musk deer. Even when the canopy is intact, the dense undergrowth favored by musk deer for food and shelter is often extensively damaged by domestic livestock. Livestock have a dramatic impact on the population of musk deer (Rajchal 2006). Similarly another study conducted by Aryal et al. 2010 showed that there were 35 % habitat overlap between livestock and musk deer which substantiate that there was high encroachment of domestic livestock in sagaramatha national park. Conservation strategies to mitigate threats Musk deer conservation efforts should be focused on maintenance of essential ecological processes and life support system in order to preserve genetic diversity and ensure the sustainable utilization of the species and its ecosystem (Shrestha 1998). For this, it is necessary to give proper protection to the species within existing national parks and sanctuaries, to control the musk trade , both at national and international levels and to utilize the species at a sustainable level for the benefits of rural communities,( Green 1986, Shrestha 1998). In situ conservation In situ conservation refers to the protection of musk deer within their home range. Poaching and non-sustainable forest harvesting should be highly prohibited at musk deer habitat (Zhou et al. 2004). In order to fulfill this purpose, several national parks, wildlife reserve and conservation reserve has focus on the protection of this species established in Nepal. National parks and wildlife conservation act 1973 is also focused on the conservation of musk deer conservation through listing moschus spp as protected species and by providing additional protection for population located in protected area (HMGN 1973). This type of conservation strategies was also successful in china where Chinese government has established a large number of national, provincial and local nature within their home range.(Zhou et al. 2004). Ex situ conservation Ex-situ conservation can be suitable option for musk deer protection where it has been extinct and endangered. Captive breeding is one of the best strategy of ex-situ conservation (Zhou et al. 2004). Musk deer has considerably increased after significantly 1996 in Godavari, Nepal afte the establishment of musk deer farming at Godavari, Nepal (Rajchal 2006).simulataneously this type of farming is most succeful in China as compared to other countires(Shrestha 1998).Though specific policy hasnot been built yet for musk deer conservation, tenth plan(2002-2007) has recognized the need for encouraging the involvement of private sector in farming of valuable non-timber forest products, wild animals and birds through the formulation of necessary laws. Special attention has to be given on how forest and wildlife conservation can contribute to human welfare and sustainable development of the country (Rajchal 2006). Restriction on the use and trade In order to support the restriction on the musk deer and its production smugging , an international cooperation is needed to impose the ban on trade of this product. In addition use musk deer on the medical and perfumes products must be banned (Zhou et al. 2004).Two international legal agreements directly realted to the conservation and exploitation of musk deer populations. The first is CITES, is an intenational law that regulate international trade in listed species and the second is the CBD, which is an international agreement to create and enforce specific types of domestic legislation designated to conservate biodiversity. Nepal as a signatory to both treaties and having ratified them, is responsible, under international law, for implementation and enforcing their provisions(Belbase 1999, Homes 1999). Both CITES and CBD allow for and support the implementation of is in situ conservation (Rajchal 2006). Recommendation and Conclusion Himalayan musk deer which is native to Nepal has been declining dramatically due to poaching, habitat loss, live stock grazing, natural predation, and anthropogenic causes. In order to conserve this endangered species of Nepal, several protected areas have focused on the regular monitoring of this species along with stringent restriction on the trade of this species, though their population is still in critical condition. To make the conservation effort effectual, poaching and habitat loss which is considered the main cause of musk deer population diminishing should be reduced by awaring the local people about the importance of musk deer conservation.conservation education, training and awareness programs have to be lauched in schoold, villagers, antipoaching units and park authorities to educate them about musk deer, their ecological and economical role and prevent from poachers. Current firewood and timber harvesting system adoped in their habitat should be reduced by promoting aln ernative energy like hydropower to meet their enery needs to make a little disturbance in their natual habitat. Area where musk deer is inhabited should be designated as separate core area and have to declared musk deer conservation core areas in all the protected areas where it is found. Besides, scientific studies regarding musk deer habitat, status, diet, threats should be carried out in those areas. Moreover, musk deer farming should be emphasized and their trade and harvesting must be sustainable.

Quality and trust in workplace

Quality and trust in workplace INTRODUCTION:- TRUST:-Trust means confidence that others action are consistent with their words that the people with whom you work are concerned about your welfare and interests apart from what you can do for them, the skills you have developed are respected and valued by co-workers and the organization. Trust is found in three characteristics of workplace relationships:- Trust grows out of the ability to perceive others as credible that what they say is true and their actions are consistent. Trust also grows out of a sense that one will be treated fairly by others. Trust also depends on how much employees experience respect through support provided for professional growth, the inclusion of employees ideas in decision making and through care both within the workplace and life. Trust in organizational strategies and top management is the most critical component in creating commitment towards a common goal. Senior leaders need to place a high value on integrity and trust and then communicate that value to all associates. Key factors in building trust The five critical areas that directly impact the level of trust people have in their organization are:- The organization vision. The organization values. The compensation system. The work environment. Personnel decision. Management consultant Jack R Gibbs explains that distrust in people are likely to occur when Top management is feared. Excessive pressure is placed on people. Sales are low. The vision of company is unclear. QUALITY: The organization should work in order to assure high quality of management and leadership in all parts of the organization. To work methodically in improving Management Quality all links must hold, in the long chain from management policy, through management system, programs and processes, all the way out to the individual employee. This kind of quality assurance of management requires a complete and consistent structure or model, and it must be possible to measure present status and improvements Over the past few years, employees have increased their focus on organizational characteristics that enhance employee work experiences and assist employees in balancing their jobs and personal lives. This focus on workplace quality has become significant enough for business press publications such as Fortune and Working Mother to publish annual lists of companies that excel in creating a high quality of work life for their employees.. Fulmer et al. (2003) argue that employee attitu des affect behaviors and their performance. They argue further that employee attitudes can influence workplace quality through the attraction and retention of good employees. They argue that if employee attitudes resulting from high workplace quality produce a sustainable competitive advantage, then listed firms should exhibit better financial performance than do non listed firms. There is some evidence that companies successful in creating positive employee attitudes about their workplace possess a valuable competitive advantage, which leads to improved operating and market performance. A high Management Quality is characterized by the following Our organization has updated and documented mission statements, vision and strategies. Our policy describes how we wish to relate to our employees. Participation and a high degree of independence are corner-stones of our management system. Everyone regards himself as owner of their personal objectives and the organizations vision and objectives. We encourage open communication. Our policy describes how we work in order to ensure leaders of high quality in all places. We create good opportunities for our managers to be highly motivated in their task. We phase out leaders who are inadequate in their jobs. INRODUCTION OF ORGANISATION:- INFOSIS: An Infosys technology is founded in 1981 in India. Currently Infosys has over 58000 employees worldwide and have over $2 billion annual revenue. Infosys currently has over 15000 software developers working on projects with Microsoft technologies. Infosys BPO Ltd. is one of the fastest and leading BPO solution providers in the world. Having Infosys Technologies Ltd. as its parent company, it boasts of best-in-class systems and processes and financial strength and stability. The company started its operations in 2002 and has received numerous awards and citations such as: 10th among 50 Best Managed Vendors in the Black Book of Outsourcing, 2006 5th among 35 Rising Stars in The Global Outsourcing 100 of the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals, 2006. Infosys won the Outsourcing Institute and Vantage Partners first-ever customer relationship management award. Infosys is increasingly focusing on value-based pricing models for its offerings. QUALITY AT INFOSYS:- Infosys follows the best software engineering practices. Infosys is CMMI-5 certified but for a formal process oriented certification their CMMI level appears to be an outcome of what they actually practice. Infosys doubles it revenue every 2 years, reaching $ 2 billion in 2006.Company currently trains 4500 new recruits every 14 weeks at its own training campus in Mysore. Companys campus at Bangalore was magnificent. The 50 buildings were a glass pyramid shaped multimedia facility housing, a large dome shaped library, sports centers, refectories futuristic electric cars are used for visitors. INFOSYS WINS TELSTRA AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN QUALITY IN 2005 Infosys is the first IT Company to receive Telstra award for excellence in quality from over 11000 vendors. Telstra assessed Infosys against its other suppliers and determined it as the winner based on a rigorous appraisal of its quality and ongoing commitment to developing viable solutions and providing Telstra customer with better value. TRUST INFOSYS: Trust is the foundation of all successful interpersonal relationships, both personal and business. Trust is the confidence or belief a person feels toward a particular person or group. Trust is, therefore, one of the primary binding forces in any interpersonal relationship. Trust is present in Infosys strategies and among the employees. 1:-Infosys organizational vision is clear: Infosys vision is attainable and does not ignore the role that individuals play in achieving the organizational goals. 2:-The work environment in Infosys is very good. 3:-Infosys values:- Values are beliefs or convictions that guide behavior, Support the overall organizational vision. Typical values in Infosys include:- Exceeding customer needs, engagement, and innovation. 4:-Infosys compensation system is good. LITERATURE REVIEW WELL-BEING AND TRUST IN WORKPLACE:-The research on well-being and trust in workplace is done by John F Helliwell and Huang:-They say that they were the first to know of to provide Income -equivalent values for workplace trust. The estimated values of trust in the workplaces are very large, and remain so even when we make a number of adjustments designed to remove risks of over-estimation. Our workplace trust results are independently estimated from two Canadian and one US survey using different samples and different question wordings. That all three surveys should show such consistently large effects convinces us of the robustness of our results. In this paper we have built on Subsequent extensions by Helliwell, Huang and Putnam (2009). 2:-TRUST IN WORKPLACE:-Research is done by Robert W Rogers President, DDI. And by Sheryl Riddle Sr. Vice president consulting services DDI. In their research they said that trust plays an important role in the organization. According to them Leaders can foster high levels of trust among teams by encouraging team members to follow six fundamental steps: Maintain one anothers self-esteem. Support and praise one another. Keep sensitive information confidential. Stand up for one another. Avoid gossip or unfair criticism of others. Appreciate one anothers skills and differences. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:-Two types of data are used:- Secondary Data:-Secondary data is taken from books, magazines, internet, research work, journals. Primary Data:- Primary data is collected from Infosys campus at Bangalore. QUESTIONER:- 1-What is your company do for building trust in workplace? Ans-The company vision is clear. The goals set by top management are attainable and Infosys does not ignore the role of individual in the achievement of companies goal. 2-What did the company do for quality in workplace? Ans- A company follow the best software engineering practices. Infosys is CMMI-5 certified. 3-Why do the company use visual studio team system? Ans-The Company use visual studio team system because it will increase exponentially over the next few years. We expect to grow this area to over 25000 developers. 4:-What did Infosys do for creating employment? Ans: The Company currently trains 4,500 new recruits every 14 weeks, at its own training campus in Mysore. The average age of the companys employees is 25 years. 5:- What did the company do for society? Ans:-1. Conducting rehabilitation camps at tribal areas, drought hit areas. 2. Construction of hospitals. 3. Rehabilitation of mentally retarded through other local organization. DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION:- From the above data we comes to a conclusion that quality and trust in workplace are very important factors because if the workers have no trust in organization they do not work properly for the achievement of the organizational goals. The organization should work in order to assure high quality of management and leadership in all parts of the organization. For better quality organizational missions, policies, strategies must be clear. Everyone regards himself/herself as owner of their personal objectives and open communication must be there in an organization so that everyone shares their views about the organizational goals. BIBLIOGRAPHY:- Well being and trust in workplace:- www.nber.org/papers/w14589 About the Infosys company www.Infosys.com Monograph:-Trust in workplace By Robert W Rogers, President, DDI And Sheryl Riddle, Sr. vice President consulting services DDI. Building trust in workplace:- www.Melcrum.com

An Analytical Essay on the Double-edged Sword in Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

An Analytical Essay on the Double-edged Sword in Hamlet   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's tale is a tragic one because it presents a man who is in the center of a moral dilemma. It is difficult enough for a man to face what is making him angry even under normal circumstances. Hamlet's circumstances are certainly not normal.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's dilemma, whether or not he should kill the king, is compounded by three things. He is extremely angry and hurt over the murder of his father. He cannot express that anger to others because in his position it would be political suicide. Finally, human nature demands that he express that anger somehow. Thus Hamlet faces a double-edged sword, he must express his anger somehow and that will lead to his downfall.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet (correctly) blames his uncle, Claudius, for the death of his father. Further compounding the issue is the fact that Claudius is now the King of Denmark and is married to Hamlet's mother, Gertrude. Hamlet feels robbed of his both his father and his birthright. There is no doubt that Claudius is responsible for the crime, the next course of action would, of course, be to kill him.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But it is not that simple.   Gertrude seems quite happy in her life with her new husband. Although Hamlet is infuriated with her as well for marrying Claudius so soon after her husband's death, he still loves her and does not wish any harm to come to her. Furthermore, if Hamlet were to kill Claudius, especially at this point, the people of Denmark would no doubt suspect the truth. This would only anger Hamlet even more since he feels that he would get caught for his 'justifiable homicide' and Claudius did not get caught for his crime. All Hamlet can do is keep quiet, and that only makes him even more frustrated.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, Hamlet cannot continue to hold his strong feelings inside for very long. Like shaking a bottle of soda, the pressure builds and builds until, eventually, the bottle will explode. Hamlet begins exploding with his passive-aggressive behavior towards the king and queen. He puts on a play that almost exactly displays the crime of which Claudius is guilty right before his eyes. However, even knowing beyond any doubt now that Claudius is guilty, Hamlet still cannot bring himself to kill him. The bottle does not explode completely until the duel at the climax of the play.

Hotel management :: essays research papers

Hotel management Assignment One Table Of Contents Introduction HRM Defines Traditional Approach Contemporary approach to HR Change Management Murrindindi Shire Council Experience Back Ground Human Resource Roles Organisational HRM Conclusion Introduction Human Resource management (HRM) has been seen as either having a traditional or contemporary approach. This paper will define both approaches. The HR aproach undertaken by the Murrindindi Shire Council (MSC) which was my organisation up to three months ago will be reviewed in this context as well as identifiable costs or opportunities that exist. HRM Defined Human Resource Management is the management of an organisations staff/personnel to meet the needs and achieve the purpose of the business in an efficient and effective manner. HRM is defined by Kramer McGraw Shulder (1997,p.10) as having having three purposes being „h To improve productivity „h To ensure quality of worklife and „h To ensure legal compliance It has been observed in particular that organisations tend to be very good at the legal compliance as it is legislated as it has some serious consequences if not adhered to. What is generally overlooked is the financial implications of dot points one and two. Effective human management can contribute to not only product output but also product quality. HRM managers are operating at three distinct levels as explained by Kramer McGraw Shulder (1997,p.30) strategic, managerial and operational - Operational levels (short term) can be disseminated down to lower level management or team leaders as they involve straight forward and traditional levels of HR - Staff Recruitment - Monitoring Systems - Wages, benefits packages - Annual appraisal systems - Training etc. - Managerial Level (short term) This level and following tend to be the levels of strategic importance to the organisation - Recruitment marketing plans - Long term compensation plans - Validation systems - Management development programs - Strategi c (long term) - to gain competitive advantage - link functions to organisational strategies Strategy as a process is defined by (Shaun Tyson 1997 p. 278) is  ¡Ã‚ ¥a mechanism for achieving a desired objective ¡Ã‚ ¦. It can then be said that the Human Resource Strategy needs to be aligned with the organisations  ¡Ã‚ ¥business strategies ¡Ã‚ ¦ or corporate objectives. In effect one of the mechanisms to be used is that of Human Resources. Miller defined strategic HRM as  ¡Ã‚ ¥those decisions and actions which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and which are related to the implementation of strategies directed towards creating and sustaining competitive advantage (Miller, 1987 p.

Depiction of Native Americans in American Film Essay

In today’s society there are many people living in poverty. All across America there are different projects and reservations where the less fortunate reside. Statistics show that mostly minorities live in these different locations. Native Americans and African Americans are two of the more popular races living in these places. The group suffering the most in these situations is the youth. Although both Native American and African American children living on a reservation or in the projects experience a terrible community, have little to no faith, and a broken family structure, African American youth living in the projects have it worse than Native American children living on a reservation. First, one of the most common living situations for less fortunate African Americans is in the projects. A project is a public living environment that is government owned. Although these buildings are government owned they are far from nice looking. Most of the buildings have no windows, are run down, dirty, and old. The government’s main goal is to maintain affordable housing not to make them the best looking homes in town. The projects aren’t a good environment for a child to be raised. Throughout these neighborhoods different gangs can be found. These gangs are built to defend the different areas in the projects. The gangs bring major violence to the area and are one of the main causes of death. At a young age children join these gangs and are raised to be violent. Many of them decorate the buildings they are living in with graffiti expressing their gang colors, symbols, or motto. In contrast, while Native American youth also live in poor housing, the environment is safer than the projects. A reservation is an area set aside for a specific type of land use or activity, or for use by a particular group of people, mostly Native Americans. Similar to the projects, houses on a reservation are old, beat down, and dirty. The houses on a reservation are government owned as well. Although these two locations are very similar they also differ. The reservation is a safer place then the projects. On the reservation there is a couple cases of mild violence but they aren’t as severe as the violence in the projects. Therefore, the reservations environment is a better environment than the projects. Secondly, many of the young people have no faith growing up in the projects. A lot of them believe their only way out of the projects is to become a basketball or football player or to become a top selling rap artist. At as young as sixteen years of age most African American males end up in jail, deceased, or selling drugs. A lot of them are also lead to believe that if they don’t do what every other man on the streets is doing, then they won’t make it anywhere in life. On the reservation the kids believe their only way out is to become NBA players or â€Å"powwowers†. Powwower’s are traditional Native American cheerleaders or dancers. Much like the African Americans growing up in the projects, the life expectancy rate for those living on a reservation is in the mid forties. Considering that both of these locations are in the United States mid forties is very young of age. Many of these people don’t live very long because they don’t have enough money to take care of themselves as well as their families. They also aren’t able to live a healthy lifestyle which shortens their days. Death is common in the two locations which leaves these two young groups wondering what’s beyond the age forty. Lastly, family structure is very important in a household. In the projects many of the homes lack a very strong family structure. Children growing up in the projects nine times out of ten don’t have both parents in the home. Most of them are drug dealers, alcoholics, prostitutes, or doing any and everything to try and provide for the child. Although these parents are trying to provide for their children a lot of the time they are also on welfare. Moreover, these children’s parents aren’t ever around, they sometimes go days without having anything to eat. Many of the young men follow after the footsteps of their father, older brother, or uncles which is why this cycle has continued for so long. Native Americans typically stick together as a unit. According to Sherman Alexie, an award winning author who grew up on a reservation, â€Å"Native American children are taught to be suspicious of Caucasian people. † Native Americans teach this to their children because there are many people in America that are against minorities and believe that just because they are the majority they’re better. A lot of the parents on a reservation go from job to job not being able to keep one job for a long period of time. Many of these parents are also alcoholics. On the other hand, some of these families on these reservations are very family oriented unlike the African American families in the projects. These Native American families have up to seventeen family members living in one house. They keep their families very close and are very supportive of one another rather then being against each other like African Americans. The parents watch over their children to make sure they don’t go down the wrong path in life. Although these families are experiencing hard times they cheer each other up and manage to smile every once in a while. Therefore, the Native Americans family structure is stronger then African Americans. In conclusion, Native American youth living on a reservation have it better then African American youth living in the projects. Both of these minorities are going through some hardships. From alcoholic parents to not having anything to eat they both are suffering as young children. Native American families provide a safer living environment, work harder, and look after one another, where as African Americans are against one another, on the streets all day, and are strongly associated with violence. As the years go on these families are hoping that the government will separate people in the projects and those living on reservations and provide them both with a better living situation. If these environments are separated the United States will be one step closer to eliminating violence in America.

History Of Australia Essay

On January 1, 1901, the people of Australia had a date with destiny. They kept it, despite all odds. The struggle to free ourselves from the past, the struggle to unite for a better future is as natural to humankind as breathing. Both are vital, if life must go on. For Australians too, the struggle that led to the triumph of destiny was not an easy one. The path that led to the federation of colonies was peppered with obstacles. But it is a proven fact that all you need to succeed is a single idea, a few good men or women and loads of hard work. This essay will open a window to the past and trace the road to federation and the birth of a nation. To begin at the beginning, the exodus from Africa began around 60,000 years ago, and following the southern coastline of Asia, the first early travelers crossed about 250 kilometers [155 miles] of sea, and colonized Australia by around 50,000 years ago. The Aborigines of Australia, are the descendants of the first wave of migration out of Africa. 1 The story may have begun there but there is a great deal to follow. European nations were interested in discovering the Great South Land. The first recorded European contact with Australia was in March 1606, when Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon (c. 1570 – 1630) charted the west coast of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Over the next two centuries, European explorers and traders continued to chart the coastline of Australia, then known as New Holland. In 1688, William Dampier became the first British explorer to land on the Australian coast. It was not until 1770 that another Englishman, Captain James Cook, aboard the Endeavour, extended a scientific voyage to the South Pacific in order to further chart the east coast of Australia and claim it for the British Crown. 2 HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA Page # 2 Australia was invaded by a naval power, its first colonial culture of authority was maritime, whaling and sealing were the colony’s earliest productive industries, and it took settlers a quarter of a century to cross the first land barrier, the Blue Mountains that hemmed in Sydney. Colonial settlements hugged the coast and were connected to one another by the ocean rather than the land, like islands in an archipelago. 3 The proposals for the use of the continent had a history almost as long, though by no means so distinguished as that of its discovery. Some saw it as a land of the Holy Spirit; some saw it as a land fit only for the refuse of society . 4 Following the lost war (American War of Independence), Britain moved to reorganize its remaining overseas empire and decided to settle Australia with convicts. Convicts provided an ideal source of human capital for such ventures, and all European colonizing nations used convicts overseas. The penal establishment for incorrigibles at Macquarie Harbour on the west coast of Tasmania is famous. The name Harbour is associated exclusively with remembrance of inexpressible depravity, degradation and woe. The convicts called this the Hell’s Gate. 5 By the 1880s, New South Wales had come a long way away from its beginnings as a convict settlement and was ruled by a British-appointed Governor supported by military force. Transportation of convicts had ended forty years before; a system of elected, responsible government had developed where virtually all adult males had the right to a secret ballot – a situation which made the colony one of the most democratic places on earth. Pastoral development, then the gold rushes had led to great economic development; working people were better off here than almost anywhere else – at that time the colonies were called a â€Å"working man’s paradise†. 6 HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA Page # 3 The other five Australian colonies were developing in similar ways, with systems of government modelled originally on NSW – the â€Å"mother colony†. There had been many proposals calling for the bringing together of the separate Australian colonies into a single nation. The first intercolonial conference met in Melbourne in 1863 to discuss uniform customs, trade and tariff duties. But each continued to go their separate ways on these issues. Some colonies chose to protect their industries with tariffs, others preferred free trade. There were customs posts on colonial borders and duties had to be paid on goods â€Å"imported† from one colony to another. As well, the various colonies built their railways with different gauges, so that trains could not cross borders. These problems kept the colonies divided. Despite the problems there were strong reasons supporting some form of federation. The colonies were mainly Anglo-Celtic in culture, institutions and outlook: there was little difference between them. Major-General Edwards’ 1888 defence report showed that adequate defence of the continent would be impossible without combining the different colonies’ forces. There was much concern about the activities of other nations in the Pacific, particularly Germany which had colonised New Guinea. Communications issues – the railway gauge problem, the new electric telegraphs spanning the continent, postal services, currency – were forcing the colonies to come to some common agreements. The trade and customs issues caused inconvenience and expense to trade and commerce. Most of the colonies were also concerned about immigration, particularly of non-Europeans, and could see the advantages of a common policy. Federation offered a way of solving these problems. 7 HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA Page # 4 But the Australian colonies had always been individualists. Their origins were diverse, their capitals were widely separated from one another, and the outlook of their people, we may as well acknowledge it at once, was parochial in the extreme. Attempts to introduce local government bodies were long resisted. Local government could have been a first step towards union or federation, but the wish to federate grew slowly. As early as 1847, Earl Grey, at that time Secretary of State for the Colonies, suggested federation. To his impartial gaze it must have seemed foolish and wasteful that six colonies, all following the same course of development, all with similar interests, should not combine for the better regulation of mutual interests. From the Australian point of view it would mean greater efficiency and economy. 8 Between 1823 and 1842 the British crown colony, the New South Wales was administered by the Governor in combination with a Legislative Council which met behind closed doors and whose proceedings were not reported by the press, a pattern similar to the other six colonies. The New South Wales Legislative Council is often referred to as the â€Å"squatters council†, reflecting the influence that squatters, as the most significant wealth producers and land-holders, had on the political process. 9 The squatters were thus in a strong position which they were unlikely to surrender. They had borne the burden and heat of the day and thought of the land as their own and their children’s by right of pioneering. As it was, the tense political atmosphere made compromise more difficult each year as the clamour to â€Å"unlock the land† grew and the squatters became intransigent. As a result the land Acts of the early sixties were declarations of war for the possession of the Crown lands — the reformers never doubting that the victory would go to â€Å"the people†. 10 HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA Page # 5 The post-1850s in New South Wales marked a shift in political power from country to town. The extension of suffrage and other democratic reforms weakened the political hegemony exercised by squatters. However, during the same period, their general economic prosperity increased as a result of increases in prices for wool, the weight of fleeces and a reduction in the use of farm labour. The absence of significant wealth independent of agriculture ensured pastoralists’ interests prevailed despite reform of electoral and legislative processes. As the number of free settlers increased they, too, became politically active. By the beginning of the 1880s the factions that had previously characterised the New South Wales Legislative Assembly were crumbling. A worsening economic crisis catalysed social tensions that favourable economic conditions had largely obscured. As the environment within which primary producers operated increased in complexity –due to technological innovation, changes in marketing arrangements, government legislation and economic conditions — producers started to experiment with diverse forms of organisation. The period between 1875 and 1900 was a turning point in the political organisation of primary producers. It was through local groups that primary producers came to be aware of transport, trading, banking and tariff issues. Importantly, they became aware that most primary producers were enduring similar experiences and perceived similar threats. This was instrumental in forming a collective identity which addressed â€Å"the absence of tradition and the weakness of shared values† that were â€Å"characteristic of earlier colonial times†. The most commonly cited catalyst for the political organisation of farmers was the shearers’ strikes of the 1890s. 11 HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA Page # 6 Transition went on long after 1880. The next twenty years brought many new experiments, some reckless and ill-considered, others designed to give more equal opportunity. The new changes aimed at correcting old mistakes and strengthening the promise of a southern utopia; but in spite of common aims and closer links, the colonies still cherished their separate policies. The penalties of rivalry only became irksome when isolation within and from outside seemed to threaten the continent’s welfare. Reluctantly the colonies agreed to yield some of their jealously guarded rights. In this great readjustment ‘the indissoluble Federal Commonwealth’ came into being, more through necessity than in faith. 12 There were more reasons why the federation became a necessity. While the fundamental successes of the trade union movement in the colonies in gaining a reasonable standard of living for its members should be acknowledged, they were limited. At best, male workers in full-time unionised jobs were able to live on their wages. It must be stressed that a ‘decent living wage’ was not achieved for casual workers, for non-union workers in permanent part-time jobs or for women. Coghlan’s reports showed that before the 1890s there had been seasonal and local fluctuations in the availability of work (and consequently income), some on quite a large scale. Therefore the â€Å"workers paradise† did not hold good at times. For example in 1866 the Mayor of Sydney declared that ‘the poverty was so great that he thought of relieving people with flour, meat, etc. ‘ As the year went on the distress increased . . . the lamentable spectacle might be seen everywhere of able-bodied men tramping about the country in a vain search for work. 13 HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA Page # 7 The 1883 rural drought across Eastern Australia led to a general lowering of wages and to unemployment. Employment was so scarce that in April 1884 meetings of the unemployed were held in Sydney every day. Between 1885 and 1887 there were sufficient numbers of unemployed for the government regularly to provide relief work, including road-making and scrub-cutting. Sydney seemed to suffer particularly, in that people displaced in other parts of the colony would join the ranks of the unemployed in the city. Such people included the miners from the Illawarra who had fought a hopeless battle throughout 1886 against reduced employment and reduced wages. In 1887 there was so much unemployment that it was impossible to maintain even the nominal rates of wages of many trades, such as tinsmiths, brick makers, coachbuilders, brass and copper workers. 14

A Multiple Choice Test on Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 Name_____________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE UNIT TEST 1 – Julius Caesar I. Matching/Identify _____ 1. Strato _____ 2. Lucilius _____ 3. Octavius _____ 4. Artemidorus _____ 5. Brutus _____ 6. Caesar _____ 7. Casca _____ 8. Calpurnia _____ 9. Mark Antony _____ 10. Portia _____ 11. Lepidus _____ 12. Decius _____ 13. Pindarus _____ 14. Cassius _____ 15. Soothsayer A. Captured by Antony's soldiers, mistaken for Brutus B. Persuades Caesar to attend Senate meeting C. First to stab Caesar D. convinces Brutus to join conspiracy with false letters E.Holds the sword for Brutus to kill himself F. Wife of Brutus G. The least important member of the 2nd triumvirate H. warns Caesar â€Å"Beware the Ides of March† J. Joins and then leads conspiracy to kill Caesar K. Emperor of Rome L. Caesar's wife M. Heir of Julius Caesar; joins Antony N. servant who gives a false report to Cassius O. Devoted follower of Caesar; avenges Caesarâ⠂¬â„¢s murder P. Gives Caesar a letter of warning Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 II. Multiple Choice 1. The play begins immediately after: a. Caesar’s victory at Philippi b. the announcement of Caesar’s heir 2. Julius Caesar’s most loyal follower was: a.Lepidus c. Antony b. Brutus d. Casca 3. The Feast of Lupercal was a celebration of: c. Calpurnia’s marriage to Caesar a. fertility b. weather d. Caesar’s victory at Lupercal 4. Cassius could be described as: a. greedy and driven b. malicious and vengeful c. Caesar’s crowning d. Caesar’s victory over Pompey c. honorable and valiant d. all of the above 5. Why does Cassius want Brutus to join the conspiracy? a. Brutus is well thought of by the people. If he supported the conspiracy the conspirators would be in better favor with the people following the assassination. b. Brutus has the best knowledge of the layout of the Capitol.It would be easy for him to plan a secret attack. c. Brutus has great influence over the soldiers. Cassius needs Brutus to direct them not to help Caesar. d. Brutus is very wealthy. They will need a lot of money to set up the new government. 6. How does Cassius plan to convince Brutus to join the conspiracy? a. He is going to ask Casca and Brutus to have dinner with him the following evening to discuss what to do about Caesar. b. He plans to hold a reception in Caesar's honor to make amends with him. c. He is going to forge notes to Brutus from several citizens in order to help sway Brutus against Caesar. d. He is planning to kill Brutus. . Brutus believed Caesar’s assassination was necessary because Brutus: a. wanted to rule Rome himself b. thought it would be best for the citizens of Rome c. was afraid of Caesar’s wrath d. wanted Cassius to rule Rome 8. Who said that the conspirators needed no oath because they were bound by their cause and not by empty words? a. Cassius c. Brutus d. Strato b. Caesar Julius Caesar M ultiple Choice Unit Test 1 9. How was Caesar physically challenged? a. he was blind in his left eye b. he was deaf in his right ear c. he was deaf in his left ear d. his right arm was partially paralyzed 10. Why was Brutus against killing Mark Antony? a.Mark Antony would be the next consul of Rome, and will accept bribes from Cassius. b. Killing Mark Antony would be too bloody. c. Mark Antony will fear for his life when Caesar is dead. d. If they kill Mark Antony, the Army will retaliate. 11. Of what does Calpurnia try to convince Caesar? a. Her dreams are omens of tragedy and he should not go to the Senate meeting. b. Her spies have told her that there is a plot against Caesar. c. There is going to be a terrible earthquake, and he should cancel the Senate meetings. d. He should let her and the other wives be present for his coronation. 12. Caesar yields to Calpurnia's wishes at first.Why does he change his mind and decide to go to the Senate meeting? a. His servants tell him the pr iests said it was alright for him to go. b. He knows that his army is strong and will protect him. c. He has seen a good luck omen in the sky. He thinks it is stronger than Calpurnia's dreams. d. Decius reinterprets Calpurnia's dream to entice Caesar to go to the meeting. 13. What is ironic about the timing of Caesar's murder (in relation to the preceding events)? a. He is murdered just as he is reading the warning from Portia. b. He is destroyed just after proclaiming his magnificence and indestructibility. c.It occurs just after a great storm and earthquake. d. Brutus has changed his mind, but is not able to stop the others. 14. According to the play, Caesar was stabbed _______ times: a. 300 c. 13 b. 33 d. 3 15. What did Brutus say to the people at the funeral? A. He told them the assassination was the only logical way to do the best thing for the people. B. He told them he would be a much better ruler than Caesar, and asked for their trust and support. C. He said he would divide Caesar's wealth among the people after the funeral. D. He criticized Caesar for being a cruel and evil ruler. Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 6. What did Antony say to the people in his funeral speech for Caesar? A. He accuses the conspirators of treason and demands that they be put to death for Caesar's murder. B. He says the Caesar deserved to die, and the people should thank the conspirators. C. He contradicts the accusations made by the conspirators of treason and demands that they be put to death for Caesar's murder. D. He praises Caesar and asks that a memorial be built for him. 17. Octavius and Antony form a triumvirate with: a. Cassius c. Young Cato b. Lepidus d. Flavius 18. Who had his birthday in the play? a. Cassius c. Caesar b. Antony d. Brutus 19.How does Brutus die? A. Antony kills him in a fight. B. He kills himself with his sword. C. The ghost of Caesar frightened him to death. D. He is taken prisoner and one of the soldiers accidentally kills him. 20. In w hat year was Shakespeare born? b. 1564 c. 1599 a. 1613 21. What country was Shakespeare’s birthplace? b. Scotland c. Ireland a. England d. 1584 d. Wales 22. Under which two monarchs did Shakespeare perform and write? a. Elizabeth, and John I b. Elizabeth, and Mary c. Henry VII 23. What are three types of plays Shakespeare wrote? c. history, mystery, comedy a. comedy, history, tragedy b. romance, tragedy, history d. omedy, tragedy, mystery 24. How many plays did Shakespeare write? a. over 200 b. 154 c. 37 or 38 25. In what year did Shakespeare die? a. 1616 b. 1599 c. 1564 d. 1569 d. King Lear d. no one knows for sure Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 III. Quotations: Identify the speaker of the quotations. A = Brutus B = Soothsayer C = Cassius D = Caesar E = Antony 26. â€Å"Beware the Ides of March. â€Å"(1. 2. 18) 27. â€Å"Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste death but once† (1. 2. 3233) 28. â€Å"This was the noblest Roman of them all. † (5. 5. 67) 29. â€Å"Yon Cassius has a lean and hungry look. He thinks too much.Such men are dangerous. † (1. 2. 195-196) 30. â€Å"Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed/ that he is grown so great† (1. 2. 150) 31. â€Å"Cry ‘Havoc! ’ and let slip the dogs of war† (3. 1. 276) 32. â€Å"Caesar, thou art revenged,/Even with the sword that killed thee. † (5. 3. 44-45) 33. â€Å"- not that I loved Caesar less, but /that I loved Rome more. † (3. 2. 22-23) 34. â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. † (3. 2. 78) 35. â€Å"Caesar, now be still: I kill'd not thee with half so good a will. † (5. 5. 51) 36. â€Å"Into what dangers would you lead me, Cassius,/That you would have me seek into myself/for that which is not in me? (1. 2. 65-67) IV: Vocabulary 37. assure : guarantee :: a. alleviate : aggravate c. drive : road 38. bidding : request :: a. cooperate : hinder c. quarrel : dispute 39. fre edom: bondage :: a. emulate : copy c. gather : flowers 40. fawned : flattered :: a. benign : malignant c. motivate : stimulate b. pressure : force d. anxiety : reassurance b. wait : bus d. trouble : ease b. worry : distress d. indulge : deny b. offer : refuse d. reduce : stress Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 41. gorging : nibbling :: a. dangerous : safe c. rabbit : fur b. chance : opportunity d. serious : grave 42. venged : retaliated :: a. lazy : languid b. dark : damp c. seethe : soothe d. energetic : lethargic 43. demeanor : mien :: a. possible : impossible c. push : pull 44. peevish : genial :: a. gracious : hospitable c. relinquish : surrender 45. perils : dangers :: a. rural : urban c. employee : boss 46. spoils : awards :: a. sculptor : sculpture c. excellent : average 47. virtue : vice :: a. perfect : ideal c. possible : likely b. intimidate : threaten d. prey : pray b. marker : sign d. mature : juvenile b. faithful : pious d. honest : deceitful b. trivial : incon sequential d. menial : important b. onument : column d. transparent : opaque 48. misconstrued : comprehended :: a. burly : brawny b. label : answer c. dirty : clean d. temerity : audacity 49. face; appearance a. lamented b. fain 50. an absolute ruler a. tyrant b. provender 51. enlarged a. augmented b. spurn c. visage d. base c. vex d. conspirator c. chidden d. fret Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 52. to reject a. avenged b. vex c. exalted d. spurn 53. imitation; copying in admiration a. malice c. avenged b. emulation d. exalted 54. deep thoughts; musings a. cogitations c. infused b. chidden d. fain 55. mourned; cried a. barren b. chidden . lamented d. exalted 56. honorable; noble in action a. spoils c. tyrant b. valiant d. prodigies 57. eagerly; preferably a. base b. shrewd c. affable d. fain 58. to annoy, irritate, or confuse a. beseech c. emulation b. vex d. appertain 59. a flag showing allegiance or nationality a. valiant c. ensign b. valor d. provender 60. property tha t has been taken by force a. prevail c. provender b. legacy d. spoils 61. sought revenge against a. augmented c. avenged b. affable d. appertain 62. spitefulness; showing evil a. imminent c. appeased b. malice d. vex Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 63. to worry a. purn b. abide c. visage d. fret 64. one who plots against someone else a. conspirator c. coffers b. apparition d. ensign 65. fodder for livestock a. base b. provender c. coffers d. peevish Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 Quotation Analysis Directions: Answer the following questions about the quotation of your choice in complete sentences. Make sure that your answers are thorough and descriptive. 1. Copy down the quotation, including citation. 2. Identify the speaker/listener/other people on stage who are important to the quotation. Explain the context of plot events leading up to the quotation. 3.Paraphrase the quotation: put it in your own words 4. Explain any figurative language or rhetorical devices being used by the speaker (hyperbole, simile, personification, metaphor, irony, alliteration, repetition, etc. ). Julius Caesar Multiple Choice Unit Test 1 5. Identify the importance of the quotation. Explain what the quotation reveals about the characters and their motivations or actions. Explain any effect the quotation causes or foreshadows. Explain how the quotation reveals any themes at work in the play. Explain what rhetorical effect the quotation has on the listener (hint: ethos, logos, pathos).

Ww1 Essay

WORLD WAR 1 The cause of World War 1 was not only of the terrorist group, The Black Hand Gang, kill the Archduke of the Austro Hungarian Empire, Franz Ferdinand. There were many causes of the Great War, like Militarism, Imperialism and Nationalism. This essay is going to be based on the cause of the Black Hand Gang. The Black Hand Gang was lead by Dragutin Dimitrijevic. The Black Hand objectives were Bosnia-Herzegovina independence from Austro-Hungary. They feared a war with Austro-Hungary and they thought that the assassination will be successful.Gavrilo Princip’s decision to shoot The Archduke Franz Ferdinand change the world because that shot started WW1, the Austro-Hungary Empire split, resulted in some nations gaining their independence and it led to the deaths of 7 million people. It changes the world because days after that shot, WW1 begins and millions of deaths happened. There had been other assassinations in the past years but after weeks it became apparent that the assassination of Ferdinand was different. July 23, Austro Hungary gave Serbia an ultimatum, a set of final conditions that must be accepted to avoid the consequences like war.The ultimatum demanded that the Austro Hungarian officials enter to Serbia to investigate the assassination of the Archduke, Serbia had 48 hours to accept that or they will face war. By august the major European powers were at war with each other. Serbia was not ready for war with Austro Hungary but they didn’t want to accept the ultimatum. By the time it was over it were the war that had involved most nations of the world and the largest war that the world had ever seen. WW1 was the reason of millions of deaths such as soldiers and civilians.The countries that had more deaths in the war were Germany with approximately 1,773,700 then Russia with approximately 1,700,000 deaths and France with approximately 1,357,800 deaths soldiers. The U. S. send about 4,355,000 soldiers and approximately 120,000 of them die in the war because of diseases or fighting or other causes. When WW1 started Germany was able to send about 3,800,000 soldiers to war. This changed the world because was the war that had more deaths in history since now. Some countries gained their independence in WW1.Let’s take Poland as an example, before the Great War most of Poland was a Russian client state and during the war they devastated since they served as battleground but they gain their independence upon a conclusion of war. Other example, Lithuania before the war they were occupied by Russia, during the war after Russia withdraw of the WW1, Lithuania is left open for German occupation, but after the war Lithuania became independent because Russia withdraw and Germany too. This changed the world because a lot of countries are independent thanks to the WW1.The start of WW1 it obviously changed the world because the Austro Hungarian Empire split and Bosnia Herzegovina got their independence, thanks to WW1 mill ions of soldiers died fighting or because of diseases and other things, thanks to WW1 many nations gained their independence so they are no more occupied by other powerful countries. Maybe those 3 reasons are the most important on how WW1 changed the world Angelillo, G. (2007) U. S. Participation in World War One Retrieved September 23, 2012 from http://www. roangelo. et/angelo/battlemp. html Unknown. (2010) German soldiers on World War 1 Retrieved September 23, 2012 from http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/articles/germany/German-Soldiers-of-World-War-I/3980 Unknown (unknown) WW1 casualty and death tables Retrieved September 23, 2012 from http://www. pbs. org/greatwar/resources/casdeath_pop. html Unknown. (2009) Effect of World War I on Each Country Retrieved September 23, 2012 from http://www. worldology. com/Europe/world_war_1_effect. htm Karls, F. (2001). World history. United States. P 518